Patient handoffs among general surgery residents in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study

Communication failure is a common cause of adverse events. An essential element of communication among health care providers is patient handoff. Patient handoff is defined as a practice whereby a health care provider transfers a patient's care information to another health care provider to ensure the patient's safety and continuity of care. To explore this practice, we assessed patient handoffs among general surgery residents in Saudi Arabia.

A cross-sectional survey was conducted with individuals in accredited general surgery residency programs in Saudi Arabia between 2020 and 2021.

Participants comprised 118 general surgery residents: 66 (57.3%) were female; 67 (72.8%) did not receive any formal training on patient handoff; and 35 (38.8%) reported that they were sometimes interrupted during the patient handoff process. The most common reason for such interruptions was medical personnel paging. Furthermore, 60 (68.1%) general surgery residents stated that these interruptions led to a decreased quality of effective communication, 39 (44.3%) believed it led to decreased quality of patient care, 63 (71.5%) believed it led to the loss of some information related to patient handoff, and 16 (18.1%) believed it led to patient harm. Finally, 31 (34.4%) general surgery residents believed that the existing handoff system at their institutions neither adequately protected the patients' safety nor allowed for continuity of care, and 51 (68%) reported that their institution did not have a standardized protocol for the verbal patient handoff process. There was a higher proportion of patients with minor harm among residents who did not, rarely or sometimes received verbal or written hand off instructions compare to those who did so always or most of the time (67% vs. 49%, respectively).

The patient handoff process among general surgery residents in Saudi Arabia is subjective and is not standardized, and if not addressed, may lead to patient harm. Standardizing this process is paramount to improve patient safety.