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Three-Dimensional Printable Enzymatically Active Plastics.

William H Zhang1, Graham J Day1, Ioannis Zampetakis2

  • 1School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom.

ACS Applied Polymer Materials
|August 19, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a novel method to create 3D printable plastics with integrated enzymes. These enzyme-plastic nanocomposites offer robust organophosphate detoxification and enhanced mechanical properties for smart material applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Biotechnology
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • Enzymes are crucial catalysts but often lack stability and processability in material applications.
  • Integrating functional biomolecules into bulk materials remains a significant challenge for creating advanced composites.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a facile method for synthesizing enzymatically active, highly fabricable plastics.
  • To create 3D enzyme-plastic nanocomposite structures with tunable properties and sustained enzymatic activity.

Main Methods:

  • Formation of electrostatically stabilized enzyme-polymer surfactant nanoconstructs.
  • Lyophilization and melting to create stable macromolecular dispersions in organic solvents.
  • Co-dissolution of plastics and fabrication of nanocomposites using 3D printing techniques (melt electrowriting, casting, piston-driven).

Main Results:

  • Synthesized stable macromolecular dispersions enabling co-dissolution of enzymes and plastics.
  • Fabricated 3D nanocomposite structures with intrinsic enzymatic activity (e.g., phosphotriesterase) demonstrating organophosphate detoxification.
  • Observed enhanced mechanical properties (compressive Young's modulus) influenced by biomolecule identity, with proteins increasing stiffness.

Conclusions:

  • Demonstrated a versatile route to produce biologically active nanocomposite plastics compatible with advanced 3D fabrication.
  • The methodology allows for the on-demand production of robust smart nanomaterial structures with integrated enzymatic functions.
  • Biomolecule incorporation not only adds functionality but also modulates the material's nanomorphology and mechanical characteristics.