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Melatonin-mediated temperature stress tolerance in plants.

Ali Raza1, Sidra Charagh2, Pedro García-Caparrós3

  • 1College of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, Fujian, China.

GM Crops & Food
|August 19, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Melatonin (MET) acts as a plant defense molecule against extreme temperatures, enhancing crop growth and stress tolerance. Genetic engineering to boost MET levels in plants shows promise for improving food security in a changing climate.

Keywords:
Biostimulantsclimate changecold stresscrosstalkfood securityfreezing temperaturegenetic engineering

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Physiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Agricultural Science

Background:

  • Global climate change causes extreme temperatures, significantly reducing crop yields and threatening food security.
  • Temperature extremes (heat and cold stress) are major limitations to plant growth, affecting physiological and molecular processes.
  • Melatonin (MET) is a multifunctional molecule that acts as a plant defense agent against environmental stresses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the critical role of melatonin in plant production and tolerance against temperature stress.
  • To highlight how melatonin interacts with other molecules to alleviate temperature stress.
  • To explore the potential of MET-mediated molecular breeding for enhancing plant adaptation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on melatonin's role in plant stress tolerance.
  • Analysis of MET's interactions with phytohormones and gaseous molecules.
  • Examination of genetic engineering approaches (overexpression, CRISPR/Cas) to increase MET levels in plants.

Main Results:

  • MET treatment enhances plant growth and tolerance to temperature extremes by activating defense mechanisms.
  • MET interacts with phytohormones and gaseous molecules, facilitating plant adaptation to temperature stress.
  • Genetic engineering of MET biosynthetic genes increases MET levels in transgenic plants, improving stress tolerance.

Conclusions:

  • Melatonin plays a crucial role in mitigating the negative impacts of temperature stress on plants.
  • Understanding MET's molecular interactions provides insights into plant adaptation strategies.
  • MET-mediated molecular breeding offers a promising avenue for developing climate-resilient crops.