Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 31, 2025
10:50
Visualizing Impairment of the Endothelial and Glial Barriers of the Neurovascular Unit during Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis In Vivo
Published on: March 26, 2019
7.8K
Neuroimmune signaling at the brain borders
Natalie M Frederick1, Gabriel A Tavares1, Antoine Louveau1,2,3
1Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
Immunological Reviews
|August 19, 2022
Summary
The central nervous system (CNS) borders, like the meninges, are crucial sites for neuroimmune interactions. These areas are increasingly recognized for their role in brain function and as potential therapeutic targets for brain disorders.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Immunology
- Neuroinflammation
Background:
- The central nervous system (CNS) was traditionally considered immunologically privileged.
- Recent research reveals significant neuroimmune interactions at CNS barrier sites.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the development of CNS barriers for neuroimmune interactions.
- To highlight the role of these barriers in neurodevelopmental, neurological, and neurodegenerative disorders.
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on CNS barriers and neuroimmune cells.
- Analysis of emerging research on the function of meninges and other CNS borders.
Main Results:
- CNS barrier sites host diverse innate and adaptive immune cells.
- These immune cells influence brain parenchyma function directly and indirectly.
- Meninges play a significant role in neuroimmune interactions.
Conclusions:
- CNS barriers are critical for neuroimmune communication and brain function.
- These sites are emerging as important therapeutic targets for brain disorders.
- Further exploration of CNS barriers, especially meninges, is warranted.
Keywords:
blood brain barrierchoroid plexusduralymphaticmeningesneurodegenerationneurodevelopmentneuroimmunologyMore Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
00:49The Blood-brain Barrier
48.1K
Overview
48.1K
01:09Synaptic Signaling
5.7K
Neurons communicate at synapses, or junctions, to excite or inhibit the activity of other neurons or target cells, such as muscles. Synapses may be chemical or electrical.
Most synapses are chemical, meaning an electrical impulse or action potential spurs the release of chemical messengers called neurotransmitters. The neuron sending the signal is called the presynaptic neuron, and the neuron receiving the signal is the postsynaptic neuron.
The presynaptic neuron fires an action potential that...
Most synapses are chemical, meaning an electrical impulse or action potential spurs the release of chemical messengers called neurotransmitters. The neuron sending the signal is called the presynaptic neuron, and the neuron receiving the signal is the postsynaptic neuron.
The presynaptic neuron fires an action potential that...
5.7K
01:28Neuronal Communication
1.3K
Neurons, the fundamental units of the brain and nervous system, communicate through complex electrochemical signals that underpin all cognitive and bodily functions. This communication is primarily facilitated by a process involving the generation and propagation of an action potential along the axon of the neuron. When the internal electrical charge of a neuron surpasses a certain threshold, an action potential is triggered. This rapid change in voltage travels swiftly along the axon to the...
1.3K
01:31Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules
3.4K
Immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecules or Ig-CAMs are a versatile group of cell surface glycoproteins belonging to the immunoglobulin protein superfamily. Ig-CAMs possess the characteristic immunoglobulin protein domains and other domains such as the fibronectin type III domain. The Ig domains are glycosylated to varying degrees in different Ig-CAMs.
Ig-CAMs exhibit either homophilic binding (to other Ig-CAMs) or heterophilic binding (to other ligands such as integrins). While most Ig-CAMs...
Ig-CAMs exhibit either homophilic binding (to other Ig-CAMs) or heterophilic binding (to other ligands such as integrins). While most Ig-CAMs...
3.4K
01:23Overview of Cell Signaling
20.8K
Despite the protective membrane that separates a cell from the environment, cells need the ability to detect and respond to environmental changes. Additionally, cells often need to communicate with one another. Unicellular and multicellular organisms use a variety of cell signaling mechanisms to communicate with the environment.
Cells respond to many types of information, often through receptor proteins positioned on the membrane. For example, skin cells respond to and transmit touch...
Cells respond to many types of information, often through receptor proteins positioned on the membrane. For example, skin cells respond to and transmit touch...
20.8K
01:32Types of Signaling Molecules
10.6K
In multicellular organisms, many molecules transmit signals between cells to pass information. These signals vary in complexity and include small peptides, nucleotides, steroids, fatty acid derivatives, and dissolved gases such as nitric oxide. Some signaling molecules diffuse through the plasma membrane to act locally between neighboring cells or travel long distances. Others remain attached to the cell surface, transmitting information to other cells only when they make contact. In some...
10.6K