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Related Concept Videos

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Carbonation is a process used to dissolve carbon dioxide gas in a liquid, commonly used in the production of carbonated beverages. Achieving efficient carbonation requires careful control of temperature, pressure, and flow conditions. By adjusting these parameters, carbonation efficiency can be maximized, producing a higher concentration of CO2 in the liquid.
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Updated: Aug 31, 2025

Three-dimensional Particle Tracking Velocimetry for Turbulence Applications: Case of a Jet Flow
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Turbulence tracks recurrent solutions.

Christopher J Crowley1, Joshua L Pughe-Sanford1, Wesley Toler1

  • 1School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|August 19, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Turbulent fluid flow was found to repeatedly follow patterns predicted by mathematical solutions. This discovery offers a new way to understand and forecast the behavior of turbulent flows.

Keywords:
coherent structuresnonlinear dynamicspredictionturbulence

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Area of Science:

  • Fluid dynamics
  • Chaos theory
  • Complex systems

Background:

  • Fluid turbulence is a long-standing challenge in science and engineering.
  • The role of coherent structures in turbulence is not fully understood.
  • Coherent structures are hypothesized to be unstable, recurrent solutions to fluid dynamics equations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between coherent structures and turbulent flow dynamics.
  • To provide experimental and numerical evidence for the connection between coherent structures and recurrent solutions.
  • To explore the potential of coherent structures for predicting turbulent flow evolution.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental investigation of three-dimensional turbulent flow.
  • Numerical simulations of fluid dynamics.
  • Analysis of spatial and temporal patterns in turbulent flows.
  • Comparison of observed flow behavior with theoretical solutions.

Main Results:

  • Experimental and numerical data show that turbulent flow episodically tracks multiple recurrent solutions.
  • The spatial and temporal structures of the flow align with these solutions.
  • This tracking occurs repeatedly, suggesting a fundamental connection.

Conclusions:

  • Coherent structures are grounded in the governing equations of fluid dynamics.
  • These structures can be identified and potentially harnessed.
  • The findings offer a pathway to predict the evolution of turbulent flows.