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Two- and three-dimensional piezoelectric scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.

Cláudia A Silva1, Margarida M Fernandes2, Clarisse Ribeiro2

  • 1Physics Centre of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.

Colloids and Surfaces. B, Biointerfaces
|August 19, 2022
PubMed
Summary

New piezoelectric scaffolds mimic bone

Keywords:
2D scaffolds3D scaffoldsBone tissue engineeringMechano-electric effectPVDFPiezoelectric

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Engineering
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Bone disorders are increasing globally, necessitating advanced bone repair strategies.
  • Biophysical stimulation, using mechanical and electrical cues, is an under-investigated yet promising field for bone regeneration.
  • Current cell regeneration primarily uses biochemical stimulation, with limited exploration of biophysical methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop piezoelectric 2D and 3D porous scaffolds for enhanced bone tissue regeneration.
  • To mimic the bone's natural structure and mechano-electric microenvironment using biomimetic scaffolds.
  • To investigate the effect of piezoelectric stimulation on osteoblastic cell proliferation and adhesion.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of piezoelectric porous scaffolds using poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) in its electroactive β-phase.
  • Utilizing a custom-made mechanical bioreactor to dynamically stimulate the piezoelectric scaffolds during cell culture.
  • Culturing MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells on the scaffolds to assess proliferation and adhesion.

Main Results:

  • The piezoelectric scaffolds effectively mimic the bone's structure and mechano-electric environment.
  • Dynamic mechanical stimulation of the PVDF scaffolds enhanced osteoblastic cell proliferation by approximately 20%.
  • Improved cell adhesion and proliferation were observed on the dynamically stimulated electromechanically-responsive scaffolds.

Conclusions:

  • The local piezoelectric effect, similar to that in bone tissue, significantly promotes osteoblastic cell proliferation.
  • These piezoelectric scaffolds offer a promising biomimetic approach for effective bone tissue regeneration strategies.
  • Further translation of these findings could lead to more efficient clinical solutions for bone repair.