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Maxillofacial Trauma Patterns in Bare-Knuckle Fighting.

Jose S Sifuentes-Cervantes1, Don Muzzi2, Jaime Castro-Núñez3

  • 1Resident, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR.

Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery : Official Journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
|August 19, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bare-knuckle fighting leads to frequent maxillofacial injuries, particularly in longer bouts and those ending by knockout. Traumatic brain injuries are also linked to knockouts, often occurring early in fights.

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Medicine
  • Traumatology
  • Forensic Science

Background:

  • Bare-knuckle fighting is a high-impact combat sport with a significant risk of facial trauma.
  • Understanding injury patterns is crucial for athlete safety and potential regulatory measures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the patterns and trends of maxillofacial injuries in bare-knuckle fighting.
  • To compare injury data with other combat sports.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study of 177 fighters from June 2018 to March 2022.
  • Data collected by a ringside physician, analyzing 301 matches.
  • Statistical analysis using chi-square tests to assess associations between fight duration, outcome, and injury frequency.

Main Results:

  • A total of 211 maxillofacial injuries were recorded, with 184 lacerations and 27 fractures.
  • Injury frequency significantly increased with fight duration (P < .00001), with 33% of injuries in 5-round matches.
  • Fight outcome showed a significant association with injury frequency (P < .00001), with decision-based fights causing injuries in 83% of cases.

Conclusions:

  • Maxillofacial injuries in bare-knuckle fighting are strongly associated with longer fight durations and knockout/technical knockout outcomes.
  • Traumatic brain injuries were linked to knockouts, predominantly in the initial rounds of the fight.