Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

3.0K
The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
3.0K
Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

5.0K
Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
5.0K
The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

4.2K
The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
4.2K
Renal Failure: Dose Adjustments01:11

Renal Failure: Dose Adjustments

147
In patients with renal impairment, drugs undergo significant changes in their pharmacokinetics, which require dosage adjustments to ensure safe and effective therapy.
Reduced renal clearance and elimination rate are common outcomes of renal impairment. These alterations lead to a prolonged elimination half-life and an altered apparent volume of distribution for drugs. As a result, dosage adjustments are typically necessary to maintain optimal drug levels in the body.
However, dosage adjustments...
147
Major Hormones and Their Functions01:27

Major Hormones and Their Functions

654
Hormones, the biochemical messengers produced by endocrine glands, are pivotal in regulating bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis. Each hormone's balance is crucial; imbalances can lead to significant physiological disruptions. Major hormones include oxytocin, cortisol, epinephrine, estrogen, testosterone, thyroxine, growth hormone, insulin, and glucagon.
Oxytocin, produced in the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland, plays a role in social bonding, childbirth, and...
654
Adrenal Gland Disorders01:27

Adrenal Gland Disorders

1.7K
Adrenal gland disorders manifest when the production of adrenal hormones deviates from the norm, resulting in either excessive or insufficient concentrations.
Adrenal insufficiency, characterized by insufficient cortisol and aldosterone production, leads to conditions like Addison's disease. This disorder, affecting the adrenal cortex, exhibits symptoms such as skin bronzing, dehydration, low blood pressure, fatigue, and weight loss. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a genetic ailment causing...
1.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Thyroid Myofibroma in a Child With Turner Syndrome: Integrated Cytologic, Histopathologic, and Molecular Characterization.

Pediatric and developmental pathology : the official journal of the Society for Pediatric Pathology and the Paediatric Pathology Society·2026
Same author

Improvement of Free T4 in Newly Diagnosed Graves Disease Patients Through a Multifaceted Quality Improvement Approach.

Pediatric quality & safety·2025
Same author

Shared leadership in a medical division of an academic hospital.

Journal of health organization and management·2019
Same author

Update on pediatric hyperthyroidism.

Current opinion in endocrinology, diabetes, and obesity·2019
Same author

Plasma midkine concentrations in healthy children, children with increased and decreased adiposity, and children with short stature.

PloS one·2019
Same author

Radioactive iodine therapy for pediatric Graves' disease: a single-center experience over a 10-year period.

Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM·2019

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 31, 2025

Author Spotlight: Integrating Ultrasound Imaging with Biochemical Markers for Thyroid Disease Diagnosis
05:41

Author Spotlight: Integrating Ultrasound Imaging with Biochemical Markers for Thyroid Disease Diagnosis

Published on: February 9, 2024

721

Update on Pediatric Hyperthyroidism.

Priya Vaidyanathan1

  • 1Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA.

Advances in Pediatrics
|August 19, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Hyperthyroidism, characterized by weight loss and rapid heart rate, is diagnosed by thyroid hormone levels. Methimazole (MMI) shows promise for long-term remission, while other treatments offer definitive solutions.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Internal Medicine
  • Thyroidology

Background:

  • Hyperthyroidism presents with symptoms like unintentional weight loss, tachycardia, heat intolerance, and hyperactivity.
  • Diagnosis involves suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and elevated thyroid hormone (TH) levels.
  • Graves' disease (GD), an autoimmune disorder, is the primary cause of hyperthyroidism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diagnosis and management of hyperthyroidism.
  • To discuss the efficacy and safety of methimazole (MMI) for long-term remission.
  • To highlight the risks and management of thyroid storm and neonatal hyperthyroidism (NH).

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of hyperthyroidism diagnosis and treatment.
  • Analysis of emerging data on extended methimazole (MMI) therapy.
Keywords:
Graves’ diseaseHyperthyroidism in childrenNeonatal hyperthyroidism

More Related Videos

Computer-Aided Three-Dimensional Visualization in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Thyroid Cancer
03:55

Computer-Aided Three-Dimensional Visualization in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Thyroid Cancer

Published on: June 9, 2023

600
Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer
05:39

Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer

Published on: February 3, 2023

1.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 31, 2025

Author Spotlight: Integrating Ultrasound Imaging with Biochemical Markers for Thyroid Disease Diagnosis
05:41

Author Spotlight: Integrating Ultrasound Imaging with Biochemical Markers for Thyroid Disease Diagnosis

Published on: February 9, 2024

721
Computer-Aided Three-Dimensional Visualization in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Thyroid Cancer
03:55

Computer-Aided Three-Dimensional Visualization in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Thyroid Cancer

Published on: June 9, 2023

600
Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer
05:39

Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer

Published on: February 3, 2023

1.7K
  • Discussion of definitive treatments like radioactive iodine (RAI) and thyroidectomy.
  • Review of critical care aspects for thyroid storm and neonatal hyperthyroidism (NH).

    • Main Results:

    • Methimazole (MMI) treatment up to 8 years appears effective and safe for improving hyperthyroidism remission rates.
    • Radioactive iodine (RAI) and thyroidectomy provide definitive treatment but result in permanent hypothyroidism.
    • Thyroid storm is a severe, life-threatening condition requiring immediate intervention.
    • Neonates born to mothers with GD are at risk for neonatal hyperthyroidism (NH).

    Conclusions:

    • Early identification and management of hyperthyroidism are crucial.
    • Extended MMI therapy offers a potential strategy for achieving long-term remission.
    • Definitive treatments and management of severe conditions like thyroid storm and NH are essential for patient outcomes.