Neurologic complications after cardiopulmonary bypass - A narrative review

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Cardiology
• Neurosurgery

Background:

• Neurologic complications are common following cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).
• These complications, including stroke and neurocognitive dysfunction, can have severe consequences.
• Understanding the risks associated with CPB is crucial for patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive review of neurologic complications associated with CPB.
• To update knowledge on the risks, prevention, and treatment of these complications.
• To examine the impact of off-pump techniques on CPB-related adverse outcomes.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of neurologic complications in adult cardiac surgery.
• Analysis of stroke and neurocognitive dysfunction post-CPB.
• Evaluation of other neurological sequelae of CPB.
• Assessment of off-pump versus on-pump techniques regarding neurologic outcomes.

Main Results:

• Stroke and neurocognitive dysfunction are significant risks of CPB.
• Various other neurological complications can arise from CPB.
• Off-pump techniques may alter the understanding of CPB's contribution to adverse neurologic events.
• Current data on prevention and treatment strategies are summarized.

Conclusions:

• Neurologic complications are a major concern in adult cardiac surgery involving CPB.
• A thorough understanding of risks, prevention, and treatment is essential.
• Further research into the role of CPB and alternative surgical techniques is warranted to minimize neurologic deficits.