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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 31, 2025

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Circulating vitamin C and digestive system cancers: Mendelian randomization study.

Susanna C Larsson1, Amy M Mason2, Mathew Vithayathil3

  • 1Unit of Medical Epidemiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

Clinical Nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland)
|August 20, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Higher vitamin C levels may reduce the risk of developing small intestine and colorectal cancers. This Mendelian randomization study suggests a potential preventative role for vitamin C in these digestive system cancers.

Keywords:
Ascorbic acidCancerDigestive systemMendelian randomizationNutrientsVitamin C

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Area of Science:

  • Nutritional Epidemiology
  • Genetic Epidemiology
  • Cancer Prevention

Background:

  • Vitamin C, an antioxidant, is investigated for its potential role in preventing digestive system cancers.
  • Current evidence lacks consensus on a causal link between vitamin C and digestive system cancer risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential causal associations between circulating vitamin C levels and the risk of digestive system cancers.
  • Utilize Mendelian randomization to assess the impact of genetically predicted vitamin C on cancer risk.

Main Methods:

  • Employed Mendelian randomization using ten genetic variants associated with circulating vitamin C as instrumental variables.
  • Analyzed data from large-scale genetic studies, FinnGen (N=309,154) and UK Biobank (N=367,542).
  • Combined results from both studies using meta-analysis for robust estimation.

Main Results:

  • Genetically predicted higher vitamin C showed a suggestive association with reduced risk of small intestine cancer (OR=0.55, P=0.029).
  • A similar association was observed for colorectal cancer (OR=0.84, P=0.013).
  • No significant associations were found for cancers of the esophagus, stomach, pancreas, or overall liver cancer risk in the meta-analysis.

Conclusions:

  • Mendelian randomization analysis suggests vitamin C may play a role in preventing small intestine and colorectal cancers.
  • Further research is warranted to confirm the causal relationship and explore mechanisms.