Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Relative Risk01:12

Relative Risk

309
Relative risk (RR) is a statistical measure commonly used in epidemiology to compare the likelihood of a particular event occurring between two groups. This metric is important for evaluating the relationship between exposure to a specific risk factor and the probability of a particular outcome. It plays a crucial role in medical research, public health studies, and risk assessment. Relative risk quantifies how much more (or less) likely an event is to occur in an exposed group compared to an...
309
Hazard Rate01:11

Hazard Rate

170
The hazard rate, also known as the hazard function or failure rate, is a statistical measure used to describe the instantaneous rate at which an event occurs, given that the event has not yet happened. From a probabilistic perspective, it represents the likelihood that a subject will experience the event in a very small time interval, conditional on surviving up to the beginning of that interval. In terms of frequency, the hazard rate can be viewed as the ratio of the number of events to the...
170
Imbalances in Cardiac Output01:26

Imbalances in Cardiac Output

1.5K
The heart's primary function is to pump blood throughout the body, maintaining a balance between blood sent out (cardiac output) and blood returning (venous return). If this balance is disrupted, it can result in congestive heart failure (CHF), a severe condition where the heart becomes an inefficient pump, leading to inadequate blood circulation.
CHF can occur due to the failure of either side of the heart. Left-side failure leads to pulmonary congestion—the right side continues to send...
1.5K
Mitral Stenosis IV: Nursing Management01:27

Mitral Stenosis IV: Nursing Management

34
A comprehensive nursing assessment is essential for patients with valvular heart disease, which involves any dysfunction of the heart valves that could impact blood flow and overall heart function.Subjective Data Collection:Chief Complaint and Present Illness: Start with the patient's primary concerns, focusing on the onset, duration, and progression of cardiac symptoms such as dyspnea, fatigue, chest pain, and palpitations.Past Medical History: Collect detailed information on any previous...
34
Cardiomyopathy VII: Pre and Post Operative Nursing Management01:28

Cardiomyopathy VII: Pre and Post Operative Nursing Management

25
Patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction who remain symptomatic despite optimal medical therapy may undergo a septal myectomy (Morrow procedure). This procedure involves excising a portion of the hypertrophied septum below the aortic valve using a heart-lung machine to improve blood flow through the LVOT. Effective preoperative and postoperative nursing management ensures successful patient outcomes, minimizes complications, and...
25
Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

39
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
39

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Late Gestation Fetal Growth in Infants Undergoing Stage 1 Palliation for Single Ventricle Heart Disease.

Pediatric cardiology·2026
Same author

Hybrid vs. Norwood: An Analysis of the NPC-QIC Database to Determine Optimal Approach for High-Risk Single Ventricle Patients.

Pediatric cardiology·2026
Same author

Use and Outcomes of the Medical Hybrid Procedure For Stage 1 Palliation in Infants With Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome and Variants.

Journal of the American Heart Association·2025
Same author

Sonographers as Teachers of Pediatric Echocardiography: A Cross-Sectional Needs Assessment among Four Academic Pediatric Cardiac Centers.

Pediatric cardiology·2025
Same author

Contrasting the Performance of a Surgeon-Fashioned Extracellular Matrix Cylindrical Tricuspid Valve Versus a Mechanical Valve.

World journal for pediatric & congenital heart surgery·2025
Same author

Mechanisms of exercise-related neurocardiogenic syncope and the relationship between resting and dynamic cardiac testing.

Cardiology in the young·2025
Same journal

Does prior percutaneous coronary revascularization negatively affect the outcomes of subsequent coronary artery bypass grafting?

The Annals of thoracic surgery·2026
Same journal

Lymph Node Dissection and Chylothorax - Balancing Oncologic Benefit Against Morbidity.

The Annals of thoracic surgery·2026
Same journal

Preserved Antegrade Pulmonary Blood Flow in Bidirectional Glenn: Outcomes and Considerations for Staged Palliation.

The Annals of thoracic surgery·2026
Same journal

Domo Arigato, Mr. Roboto.

The Annals of thoracic surgery·2026
Same journal

Impact of High SUVmax on Recurrence by Resection Strategy in Stage IA Adenocarcinoma ≤2 cm.

The Annals of thoracic surgery·2026
Same journal

Preoperative Treatment for Stage II NSCLC Requires Multidimensional Consideration.

The Annals of thoracic surgery·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 31, 2025

Creation of Patient-Specific Silicone Cardiac Models with Applications in Pre-surgical Plans and Hands-on Training
09:15

Creation of Patient-Specific Silicone Cardiac Models with Applications in Pre-surgical Plans and Hands-on Training

Published on: February 10, 2022

3.6K

Congenital Heart Surgery Program Variable Case Mix: Risk Associated With Adjusted Mortality Rate.

Garick D Hill1, James Tweddell2, Andrew Redington1

  • 1The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.

The Annals of Thoracic Surgery
|August 20, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Congenital heart surgery programs show significant variation in risk stratification, with a higher proportion of lower-risk STAT 1 cases correlating with lower adjusted mortality rates. This suggests differences in surgical decision-making philosophies impact outcomes.

More Related Videos

Implantation of Total Artificial Heart in Congenital Heart Disease
07:27

Implantation of Total Artificial Heart in Congenital Heart Disease

Published on: July 18, 2014

24.7K
Fetal Mouse Cardiovascular Imaging Using a High-frequency Ultrasound 30/45MHZ System
07:34

Fetal Mouse Cardiovascular Imaging Using a High-frequency Ultrasound 30/45MHZ System

Published on: May 5, 2018

11.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 31, 2025

Creation of Patient-Specific Silicone Cardiac Models with Applications in Pre-surgical Plans and Hands-on Training
09:15

Creation of Patient-Specific Silicone Cardiac Models with Applications in Pre-surgical Plans and Hands-on Training

Published on: February 10, 2022

3.6K
Implantation of Total Artificial Heart in Congenital Heart Disease
07:27

Implantation of Total Artificial Heart in Congenital Heart Disease

Published on: July 18, 2014

24.7K
Fetal Mouse Cardiovascular Imaging Using a High-frequency Ultrasound 30/45MHZ System
07:34

Fetal Mouse Cardiovascular Imaging Using a High-frequency Ultrasound 30/45MHZ System

Published on: May 5, 2018

11.7K

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Surgery
  • Health Services Research
  • Medical Informatics

Background:

  • Congenital heart operations are risk-stratified using The Society of Thoracic Surgeons-European Association of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery Congenital Heart Surgery (STAT) Mortality Categories.
  • Adjusted mortality rates aim to account for variations in patient case mix.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the variability in STAT 1 (lowest risk) cases as a percentage of total operations and as a ratio to STAT 4+5 (highest risk) operations across congenital heart surgery programs.
  • To assess the relationship between this variability and adjusted mortality rates.

Main Methods:

  • Data from The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Congenital Heart Surgery Public Reporting were analyzed for the top 50 U.S. News & World Report Cardiology and Heart Surgery Programs (2015-2018).
  • Variability in STAT 1 cases (percentage of total and ratio to STAT 4+5) was assessed.
  • The association between the STAT 1:STAT 4+5 ratio and adjusted mortality was examined.

Main Results:

  • A significant 4-fold difference in the STAT 1 to STAT 4+5 ratio was observed among programs.
  • Programs with the highest STAT 1:STAT 4+5 ratio demonstrated a significantly lower median adjusted mortality rate (2.2% vs. 2.95%, P = .03).
  • An inverse relationship between the STAT 1:STAT 4+5 ratio and adjusted mortality did not reach statistical significance (P = .12).

Conclusions:

  • Substantial variation in the proportion of STAT 1 cases suggests differing clinical decision-making philosophies among congenital heart surgery programs.
  • While the STAT mortality risk model adjusts for case mix, it does not fully account for all inter-program variability.
  • The findings highlight potential areas for quality improvement and standardized risk assessment in congenital heart surgery.