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Self-Protecting Aqueous Lithium-Ion Batteries.

Yuewang Yang1, Zhaowen Bai2, Sijing Liu1

  • 1Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|August 21, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed smart aqueous lithium-ion batteries with self-protecting thermos-responsive separators. These separators reversibly block ion transport at high temperatures, enhancing safety and battery lifespan during overheating events.

Keywords:
aqueous lithium-ion batteriessmart batteriesthermos-responsive hydrogelsthermos-responsive separators

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Polymer Science

Background:

  • Lithium-ion batteries face challenges with capacity degradation and safety hazards at high temperatures.
  • Current safety measures like flame retardants offer limited, one-time protection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop smart, self-protecting aqueous lithium-ion batteries that can regulate their operation based on temperature.
  • To create a reversible safety mechanism that enhances battery lifespan and operational safety.

Main Methods:

  • In situ polymerization was used to create thermos-responsive separators on hydrophilic separators.
  • The influence of various lithium salts and concentrations on hydrogel thermos-responsive behavior was investigated.
  • A LiMn2O4/carbon coated LiTi2(PO4)3 (LMO/C-LTP) battery chemistry was employed.

Main Results:

  • The thermos-responsive separator reversibly blocks lithium ion transport at elevated temperatures and reopens upon cooling.
  • Lithium nitrate (LiNO3) at 1 m concentration was identified as optimal for self-protection without compromising battery performance.
  • The shut-off temperature of the separator could be tuned between 30°C and 80°C.

Conclusions:

  • Smart self-protecting aqueous lithium-ion batteries with tunable thermos-responsive separators offer enhanced safety and longevity.
  • This technology provides a promising solution for high-temperature energy storage applications.
  • Reversible temperature-dependent ion transport regulation is key to advanced battery safety.