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Related Concept Videos

Psychoneuroimmunology: Diabetes and Cancer01:19

Psychoneuroimmunology: Diabetes and Cancer

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Chronic stress has been linked to both the onset and progression of serious health conditions, including Type 2 diabetes and cancer. Type 2 diabetes, a widespread chronic illness, is closely associated with obesity and insulin resistance, both of which often worsen under stress. Studies indicate that men experiencing high levels of chronic stress face a 45% higher risk of developing diabetes compared to those with minimal stress. Stress triggers physiological responses that elevate blood...
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Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
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Psychoneuroimmunology: Cardiovascular Disease01:27

Psychoneuroimmunology: Cardiovascular Disease

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Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) is a multidisciplinary field that examines how psychological factors, particularly stress, interact with the immune system and impact physical health. Research in PNI has shown that chronic or traumatic stress can disrupt both the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system. These disruptions contribute to serious health conditions, including cardiovascular diseases.
A key area of focus in PNI is the relationship between stress and coronary...
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Physiological Foundation of Stress01:24

Physiological Foundation of Stress

149
Stress triggers a coordinated physiological response involving the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. This dual activation ensures that the body is prepared for both immediate and prolonged stress management. The process begins with the perception of a stressor. This initial phase activates the SNS, leading to the rapid release of adrenaline (epinephrine) from the adrenal glands.
Role of the Sympathetic Nervous System
Adrenaline triggers the...
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Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis01:37

Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis

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The response to stress—be it physical or psychological, acute or chronic—involves activation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis. The HPA axis is part of the neuroendocrine system because it involves both neuronal and hormonal communication. Its function is to regulate homeostatic systems—metabolic, cardiovascular, and immune—providing the necessary means to respond to a stressor.
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 31, 2025

A Mouse Tumor Model of Surgical Stress to Explore the Mechanisms of Postoperative Immunosuppression and Evaluate Novel Perioperative Immunotherapies
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Cancer; Pathophysiology and Stress Modulation (Cancer, Therapeutic Interventions).

Lauren Scarpetti1, Matthew Guarino1, Jennifer Baima1

  • 1Department of Orthopedics and Physical Rehabilitation, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester.

Seminars in Oncology Nursing
|August 21, 2022
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Cancer and its treatments cause significant complications, necessitating prehabilitation. This approach enhances patient tolerance and treatment efficacy, highlighting the role of nurses in patient care.

Keywords:
General surgeryNeoplasmPostoperative complicationsPreoperative exercise

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Medical Rehabilitation

Background:

  • Cancer and its treatments lead to significant patient complications, including weight loss and fatigue.
  • These complications negatively impact treatment outcomes and patient recovery.
  • Surgical interventions pose short- and long-term risks, affecting overall patient health.

Approach:

  • This review synthesizes information from peer-reviewed scientific articles.
  • It focuses on the pathophysiological basis for prehabilitation in cancer care.

Key Points:

  • Prehabilitation aims to improve patient health before cancer therapies.
  • Multimodal prehabilitation addresses common impairments caused by cancer and its treatments.
  • Nurses are crucial in educating patients and advocating for prehabilitation.

Conclusions:

  • Prehabilitation is essential to mitigate cancer- and treatment-related complications.
  • Improving patient health pre-therapy enhances treatment tolerance and efficacy.
  • Enhanced nursing involvement in prehabilitation can improve patient outcomes.