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Related Concept Videos

Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

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The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
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Transcytosis is the process in which molecules are internalized by endocytosis, transported across the cell, and released through exocytosis from the opposite end of the cell. Molecules such as insulin, immunoglobulins, and certain nutrients are transferred through the recycling endosomes by recycling and transcytosis.
IgG molecules from a mother undergo transcytosis starting around 13 weeks of gestation. The amount of IgG transferred and entering the fetal blood circulation increases with...
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Introduction to Innate and Adaptive Immunity01:21

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The human immune system is a complex defense mechanism that protects the body from harmful pathogens and foreign substances. It comprises two crucial components: innate and adaptive immunity.
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Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

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The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
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What is the Immune System?01:38

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Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

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The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
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Isolation of Leukocytes from the Murine Tissues at the Maternal-Fetal Interface
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Pregnancy imparts distinct systemic adaptive immune function.

Catherine Demery-Poulos1,2, Roberto Romero1,3,4,5,6, Yi Xu1,2

  • 1Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Detroit, Michigan, USA.

American Journal of Reproductive Immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989)
|August 21, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pregnancy alters adaptive immunity, with maternal T cells showing controlled responses and B cells exhibiting enhanced activation and memory phenotypes. These immune adaptations are crucial for a healthy pregnancy.

Keywords:
B cellT celladaptive immunitycytotoxicityflow cytometrymaternal circulation

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Reproductive Biology
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • Pregnancy involves systemic immune activation, with known innate immune cell changes.
  • Adaptive immune cells, including T cells and B cells, also change during gestation, but their roles are unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize T-cell and B-cell phenotypes and functions in pregnant versus non-pregnant women.
  • To understand adaptive immune cell alterations during pregnancy.

Main Methods:

  • High-dimensional flow cytometry and functional assays were used on peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
  • T-cell proliferation, B-cell activation, and lymphocyte cytotoxicity were measured.
  • Statistical analysis employed linear mixed-effects models.

Main Results:

  • Pregnant women had modestly enhanced CD4+ T-cell activation and increased activation-induced proliferation in both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells.
  • Fewer T cells expressed activation markers in pregnant women, with no difference in cytotoxicity.
  • B cells in pregnant women showed more memory-like and activated phenotypes with higher stimulated activation.

Conclusions:

  • Maternal T cells and B cells exhibit distinct responses during pregnancy.
  • T-cell responses may prevent harmful systemic inflammation, supporting healthy perinatal outcomes.