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Updated: Aug 31, 2025

Proton Therapy Delivery and Its Clinical Application in Select Solid Tumor Malignancies
Published on: February 6, 2019
Precision Medicine in Therapy of Non-solid Cancer
Ines Schmidts1, Torsten Haferlach1, Gregor Hoermann2
1MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory, Munich, Germany.
Abstract:
The development and approval of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib in 2001 has heralded the advance of directed therapy options. Today, an armamentarium of targeted therapeutics is available and enables the use of precision medicine in non-solid cancer. Precision medicine is guided by the detection of tumor-specific and targetable characteristics. These include pathogenic fusions and/or mutations, dependency on specific signaling pathways, and the expression of certain cell surface markers. Within the first part, we review approved targeted therapies for the compound classes of small molecule inhibitors, antibody-based therapies and cellular therapies. Particular consideration is given to the underlying pathobiology and the respective mechanism of action. The second part emphasizes on how biomarkers, whether they are of diagnostic, prognostic, or predictive relevance, are indispensable tools to guide therapy choice and management in precision medicine. Finally, the examples of acute myeloid leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and chronic myeloid leukemia illustrate how integration of these biomarkers helps to tailor therapy.
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