Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...

Bone Remodeling

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.

Hormones and Bone Tissue

Hormones and Bone Tissue

The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...

Bone Disorders

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.

Essential Minerals for Bone Health

Essential Minerals for Bone Health

The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium is a critical component of bones, especially in the form of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Since the body cannot make calcium, it must be obtained from the diet. However, calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine without...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Polysaccharides from Helianthus: Extraction, bioactivities, and emerging applications.

Carbohydrate research·2026

Same author

Structural Characterization, Pharmacological Activities, Applications, and Chemical Modification of Cassia Seed Polysaccharides: A Review.

Journal of agricultural and food chemistry·2026

Same author

Heterogeneous Intermediate Phenotypes of Cancer Cells with Varying Ki-67-Positivity Rates, Including Histologically HCC-like and NEC-like Cells, in Liver MiNEN.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026

Same author

Site-specific bidirectional regulation of <i>Fgf15</i> transcription in the mouse ileum.

American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology·2026

Same author

Suicidal Thoughts and Self-Harm Behavior During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United Kingdom: A Repeated Cross-Sectional Population-Based Survey Study.

Health science reports·2026

Same author

Extraction, purification, structural characterization, and biological activity of polysaccharides from Dendrobium huoshanense: A review.

International journal of biological macromolecules·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 31, 2025

Isolation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Human Alveolar Periosteum and Effects of Vitamin D on Osteogenic Activity of Periosteum-derived Cells

Isolation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Human Alveolar Periosteum and Effects of Vitamin D on Osteogenic Activity of Periosteum-derived Cells

Published on: May 4, 2018

Dec2 negatively regulates bone resorption in periodontitis.

Xiaoyan Li¹, Lijia Guo², Fuyuki Sato³

¹Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.

Journal of Periodontal Research

|August 22, 2022

Summary

Differentiated embryo-chondrocyte 2 (Dec2) regulates periodontitis by modulating RANKL expression and osteoclastogenesis. Dec2 deficiency exacerbates bone loss in a mouse model of P. gingivalis-induced periodontitis.

Keywords:

P. gingivalis Dec2 RANKL alveolar bone resorption immunoregulation periodontal inflammation transcription factor

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Establishing an Accurate Microhardness Testing Protocol for Craniofacial Tissues

Author Spotlight: Establishing an Accurate Microhardness Testing Protocol for Craniofacial Tissues

Published on: April 26, 2024

Author Spotlight: Comparing Alveolar and Long Bone Remodeling to Explore OTM Model Potential

Author Spotlight: Comparing Alveolar and Long Bone Remodeling to Explore OTM Model Potential

Published on: July 21, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 31, 2025

Isolation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Human Alveolar Periosteum and Effects of Vitamin D on Osteogenic Activity of Periosteum-derived Cells

Isolation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Human Alveolar Periosteum and Effects of Vitamin D on Osteogenic Activity of Periosteum-derived Cells

Published on: May 4, 2018

Author Spotlight: Establishing an Accurate Microhardness Testing Protocol for Craniofacial Tissues

Author Spotlight: Establishing an Accurate Microhardness Testing Protocol for Craniofacial Tissues

Published on: April 26, 2024

Author Spotlight: Comparing Alveolar and Long Bone Remodeling to Explore OTM Model Potential

Author Spotlight: Comparing Alveolar and Long Bone Remodeling to Explore OTM Model Potential

Published on: July 21, 2023

Area of Science:

Immunology
Molecular Biology
Periodontal Disease Research

Background:

The role of transcription factor Differentiated embryo-chondrocyte 2 (Dec2) in inflammatory diseases like periodontitis remains unclear.
Investigating Dec2's impact on RANKL expression and osteoclastogenesis is crucial for understanding periodontitis progression.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine the effect of Dec2 on RANKL expression and osteoclastogenesis in the context of periodontitis.
To elucidate the mechanism by which Dec2 influences inflammatory responses in periodontitis.

Main Methods:

Utilized wild-type and Dec2 knockout mice to model periodontitis.
Assessed alveolar bone resorption using microcomputed tomography (CT).
Employed Western blot, flow cytometry, qPCR, immunohistochemistry, luciferase reporter, and ChIP assays to analyze inflammation, osteoclasts, and Dec2-RANKL interaction.

Main Results:

Dec2 knockout mice exhibited more severe alveolar bone resorption and active osteoclast differentiation.
Increased CD11b+ F4/80+ and CD4+ RANKL+ T cells were observed in Dec2 knockout mice.
Dec2 was confirmed to directly bind to the RANKL gene, indicating a regulatory role.

Conclusions:

Dec2 possesses immune regulatory capabilities that modulate P. gingivalis-induced periodontitis.
Dec2 influences periodontitis progression through its regulation of RANKL.