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Life expectancy in adulthood is falling for those without a BA degree, but as educational gaps have widened, racial gaps have narrowed.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of Americaยท2021
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The Great Divide: Education, Despair, and Death.

Anne Case1, Angus Deaton1

  • 1School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544.

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|August 22, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Deaths of despair and rising mortality in the US disproportionately affect adults without a college degree. This trend highlights a growing divergence in health outcomes by education level, impacting societal well-being.

Keywords:
COVID epidemicdeaths of despaireducational status [N01.824.196]opioid epidemicpain [F02.830.816.444]politics of despair

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Sociology
  • Health Economics

Background:

  • Rising rates of 'deaths of despair,' morbidity, and emotional distress in the US.
  • Disproportionate burden of these issues on adults lacking a college degree.
  • Growing divergence in all-cause mortality by education level, unique among developed nations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the increasing prevalence of pain, despair, and suicide among individuals without a Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree.
  • To examine the role of pharmaceutical companies and political factors in escalating addiction.
  • To analyze the 'politics of despair' and shifting political affiliations based on health and education.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and analysis of trends in mortality and morbidity.
  • Examination of the relationship between education, economic factors, and health outcomes.
  • Analysis of political voting patterns in relation to state health indicators.

Main Results:

  • Significant increase in pain, despair, and suicide among non-college-educated adults.
  • Opioid addiction escalation linked to pharmaceutical marketing and political influence.
  • COVID-19 mortality in 2020 mirrored pre-existing educational disparities in mortality rates.
  • Shifting political alignments, with less-healthy states now tending to vote Republican.

Conclusions:

  • Educational attainment is a critical determinant of health outcomes and mortality in the US.
  • The 'politics of despair' reflects a societal disconnect and abandonment of less-educated populations.
  • Addressing the complex interplay of economic, social, and political factors is crucial to mitigate these trends.