Research on the Effect of Water Injection Pressure on Knocking Combustion of a Direct Injection Gasoline Engine

In this study, the research method of numerical simulation is used to explore the inhibition of different water injection pressures on knock combustion of turbocharged direct injection gasoline (GDI) engines by coupling computational fluid dynamics with a chemical-kinetics model. First, the ignition advance angle and compression ratio are increased to induce the GDI engine to knock, and then the influence of the water injection pressure on the in-cylinder, evaporation of water, and the knock of the gasoline engine are analyzed. The simulation results show that, compared with no water injection, the direct injection of water in the cylinder can significantly reduce the knock intensity. When the water injection pressure is greater than 40 bar, the knock intensity is less than 2 and the knocking is completely suppressed. In this work, the effects of different water injection pressures on knocking are explored by analyzing the effects of water injection pressure on water atomization, in-cylinder combustion, and the knocking mechanism. On the one hand, the evaporation rate of water increases with increasing water injection pressure and the quality of the liquid film generally improves. On the other hand, direct water injection can significantly reduce the distribution of CH₂O in the end mixture, thereby reducing the generation of H₂O₂ and further suppressing the spontaneous combustion of the end mixture. At the moment of knock, when the water injection pressure is greater than 40 bar, the detonation mechanism of the no. 7 monitoring point does not produce a sudden change in HCO radicals. The water spray can effectively reduce the NO emission, and the NO emission under the water spray pressure of 120 bar is the lowest. However, after spraying water, it will increase CO emissions.