Development of a rapid homogeneous immunoassay for detection of rotavirus in stool samples

Rotavirus is the main pathogen causing acute viral gastroenteritis. Accurate and rapid diagnosis of rotavirus infection is important to determine appropriate treatment, prevention of unnecessary antibiotics use and control of infection spread. In this study, we established a rapid, accurate, and sensitive amplified luminescent proximity homogeneous assay linked immunosorbent assay (AlphaLISA) for detecting rotavirus and evaluated its efficacy in human stool samples. Our results demonstrated that the sensitivity of AlphaLISA (5^-8) significantly exceeded that of the immunochromatographic assay (ICA, 5^-4) for rotavirus antigen detection. The intra-assay and inter-assay coefficients of variation were 2.99-3.85% and 5.27-6.51%, respectively. Furthermore, AlphaLISA was specific for rotavirus and did not cross-react with other common diarrhea viruses. AlphaLISA and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR, which is considered a gold standard for detecting diarrhea viruses) tests showed consistent results on 235 stool samples, with an overall consistency rate of 97.87% and a kappa value of 0.894 (P < 0.001). The overall consistency rate of ICA compared with RT-qPCR was 95.74%. AlphaLISA showed better consistency with RT-qPCR than the routinely used ICA for rotavirus detection in stool samples. The AlphaLISA method can be used in clinical practice for the rapid, accurate, and sensitive detection of rotavirus infection.