Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 31, 2025
12:00
Vaccinia Virus Infection & Temporal Analysis of Virus Gene Expression: Part 1
Published on: April 8, 2009
10.4K
Human Monkeypox: Fifty-Two Years based analysis and Updates.
Sultan Ayoub Meo1, Shaukat Ali Jawaid2
1Sultan Ayoub Meo, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences
|August 22, 2022
Summary
Monkeypox (MPX) cases are rapidly spreading globally, moving from endemic areas to over 50 non-endemic countries. Urgent preventive measures are needed to control this alarming worldwide outbreak.
Area of Science:
- Epidemiology
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
Background:
- Monkeypox (MPX) virus, first identified in monkeys in 1958, spread to humans in 1970.
- The first human MPX case outside Africa was reported in the United States in 2003.
- A significant global outbreak began in May 2022, rapidly spreading to over 50 countries.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the epidemiological trends of the recent global monkeypox outbreak.
- To highlight the shift of monkeypox infections from endemic to non-endemic regions.
- To emphasize the need for immediate global health interventions.
Main Methods:
- Data compilation of monkeypox cases reported globally from May 7 to June 29, 2022.
- Analysis of case distribution across continents and specific non-endemic countries.
- Monitoring of epidemiological trends and geographic spread.
Main Results:
- Over 5115 monkeypox cases were reported across Europe, North America, South America, Asia, Australia, and the Middle East.
- The United Kingdom (21.03%) and Germany (17.08%) reported the highest number of cases among analyzed countries.
- Monkeypox transmission has significantly shifted from its endemic regions to numerous non-endemic countries worldwide.
Conclusions:
- The global spread of monkeypox constitutes an alarming public health situation.
- Swift and priority-based preventive measures are crucial for controlling ongoing monkeypox outbreaks.
- International collaboration and surveillance are essential to manage the evolving epidemiological landscape of monkeypox.
Related Concept Videos
02:31Synteny and Evolution
3.4K
John H. Renwick first coined the term “synteny” in 1971, which refers to the genes present on the same chromosomes, even if they are not genetically linked. The species with common ancestry tend to show conserved syntenic regions. Therefore, the concept of synteny is nowadays used to describe the evolutionary relationship between species.
Around 80 million years ago, the human and mice lineages diverged from the common ancestor. During the course of evolution, the ancestral...
Around 80 million years ago, the human and mice lineages diverged from the common ancestor. During the course of evolution, the ancestral...
3.4K
00:36Viral Mutations
32.8K
A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...
32.8K
00:57Viral Recombination
23.7K
Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
23.7K
02:33Retroviruses
12.6K
Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
12.6K
01:10Retrovirus Life Cycles
46.5K
Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
46.5K