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Gordon Coupler with Inductive or Capacitive Iris for Small EPR Resonators for Aqueous Samples.

Richard R Mett^1,2, James S Hyde¹

¹National Biomedical EPR Center, Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.

Applied Magnetic Resonance

|August 22, 2022

Summary

This study extends the Gordon coupler for Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) experiments, enabling efficient microwave power delivery to X-band resonators using various dielectrics. The enhanced design reduces frequency pulling for improved EPR spectroscopy.

Keywords:

Gordon coupler capacitive and resonant iris dielectric resonator electron paramagnetic resonance inductive loop-gap resonator sapphire single crystal rutile

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Area of Science:

Physics
Spectroscopy
Materials Science

Background:

The Gordon coupler, initially for Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) at liquid helium temperatures, couples microwave power to resonators via an evanescent wave.
Previous extensions adapted the coupler for cavity and loop-gap resonators, using low-dielectric plastics like Teflon for aqueous samples.
Microphonics from helium bubbling were a challenge in early applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To extend the Gordon coupler's application to X-band five-loop-four-gap resonators.
To investigate the use of fused quartz, sapphire, and rutile as dielectric materials.
To optimize power matching and minimize resonant frequency shifts using a capacitive iris.

Main Methods:

Adaptation of the Gordon coupler design for X-band dielectric resonators.
Utilization of fused quartz, sapphire, and rutile dielectrics.
Finite element modeling (FEM) for electromagnetic field analysis.
Integration of a capacitive iris for improved resonator matching.

Main Results:

The Gordon coupler was successfully adapted for X-band five-loop-four-gap resonators with new dielectric materials.
FEM confirmed the electromagnetic field behavior and the coupler's scalability with dielectric resonator dimensions.
The capacitive iris effectively reduced resonant frequency pulling during power matching.

Conclusions:

The extended Gordon coupler provides a versatile and efficient method for microwave power delivery in advanced EPR resonator systems.
The use of robust dielectric materials like quartz, sapphire, and rutile expands the operational temperature and sample compatibility.
This advancement facilitates high-performance EPR spectroscopy with improved signal-to-noise ratios and stability.