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Updated: Aug 31, 2025

Determination of Reproductive Competence by Confirming Pubertal Onset and Performing a Fertility Assay in Mice and Rats
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Timing of puberty and school performance: A population-based study.

Maria Suutela1,2, Päivi J Miettinen1,3, Silja Kosola1,2

  • 1New Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.

Frontiers in Endocrinology
|August 22, 2022
PubMed
Summary

The timing of puberty impacts school performance, particularly in girls, affecting grades in math, English, and physical education. Boys

Keywords:
academic achievementadolescenceage at peak height velocitypubertyschool healthschool performance

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Area of Science:

  • Puberty timing and its association with academic performance.
  • Adolescent development and educational outcomes.
  • Pediatric growth and school achievement.

Background:

  • The relationship between pubertal development and academic success is a complex area of research.
  • Understanding how biological maturation influences cognitive and academic functioning is crucial for supporting student well-being.
  • Previous studies have explored various factors affecting school performance, but the specific link to pubertal timing requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between the timing of puberty and school performance in a large cohort of children.
  • To determine if earlier or later pubertal development correlates with differences in academic grades.
  • To analyze these associations across different school years and subjects.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized growth and school performance data from 13,183 children (born 1997-2002).
  • Age at peak height velocity (PHV) was used as a marker for pubertal timing.
  • Generalized estimating equations and linear mixed models were employed for statistical analysis, controlling for socioeconomic factors.

Main Results:

  • In girls, earlier pubertal timing (younger age at PHV) was associated with higher grades in mathematics and physical education, and also English in later years.
  • In boys, earlier pubertal timing was linked to higher physical education grades, but a significant decrease in mathematics grades was observed during middle school.
  • The observed sex differences in academic achievement were not fully explained by pubertal timing.

Conclusions:

  • Pubertal timing is associated with school performance, particularly in girls, influencing academic achievement across multiple subjects.
  • While physical education grades showed associations in both sexes, the impact on mathematics and English varied significantly by sex.
  • The study highlights a complex interplay between biological maturation and academic outcomes, with unexplained sex differences warranting further research.