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Related Concept Videos

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

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Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...
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Translational Regulation01:29

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Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...
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Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

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Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
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Transcriptional Regulation: Riboswitches01:23

Transcriptional Regulation: Riboswitches

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Riboswitches are RNA elements that regulate gene expression by altering their secondary structures in response to specific effector molecules. These elements, located in the leader regions of certain mRNAs, act as transcriptional regulators by toggling between alternative conformations to control downstream gene expression. Riboswitch-mediated regulation is a precise mechanism for modulating biosynthetic pathways, as exemplified by the riboflavin biosynthesis pathway in Bacillus...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 31, 2025

Saccharomyces cerevisiae Metabolic Labeling with 4-thiouracil and the Quantification of Newly Synthesized mRNA As a Proxy for RNA Polymerase II Activity
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Saccharomyces cerevisiae Metabolic Labeling with 4-thiouracil and the Quantification of Newly Synthesized mRNA As a Proxy for RNA Polymerase II Activity

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Autophagy regulates rRNA synthesis.

Yinfeng Xu1, Wei Wan2

  • 1Laboratory of Basic Biology, Hunan First Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China.

Nucleus (Austin, Tex.)
|August 22, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Autophagy regulates cell metabolism by controlling ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis. Accumulation of SQSTM1/p62 in autophagy-deficient cells activates MTORC1 signaling, increasing rRNA synthesis and cell growth.

Keywords:
AutophagyMTORC1SQSTM1/p62rDNArRNA

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Genome-wide Quantification of Translation in Budding Yeast by Ribosome Profiling
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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Autophagy Research

Background:

  • Autophagy is a crucial cellular process involved in metabolism and homeostasis.
  • Recent studies suggest a role for autophagy in RNA metabolism, specifically ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis.
  • Dysregulation of autophagy is implicated in various human diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of autophagy in regulating ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis.
  • To elucidate the specific autophagy receptor involved in this process.
  • To understand the mechanistic link between autophagy, SQSTM1/p62, and MTORC1 signaling in controlling rDNA transcription.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing autophagy-deficient cell models.
  • Analyzing ribosomal RNA (rRNA) precursor levels and protein synthesis.
  • Investigating the activation of MTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase) complex 1 (MTORC1) signaling.
  • Assessing the assembly of RNA polymerase I pre-initiation complex at ribosomal DNA (rDNA) promoter regions.

Main Results:

  • Autophagy-deficient cells exhibit elevated 47S precursor rRNA levels due to SQSTM1/p62 accumulation.
  • SQSTM1/p62 accumulation activates MTORC1 signaling, enhancing RNA polymerase I transcription of rDNA.
  • This leads to increased protein synthesis, cell growth, and proliferation in autophagy-deficient cells.

Conclusions:

  • Autophagy, through the receptor SQSTM1/p62, plays a critical role in regulating rRNA synthesis.
  • SQSTM1/p62 accumulation drives hyperactivated rDNA transcription and cellular changes observed in autophagy deficiency.
  • These findings offer novel insights into the mechanisms underlying autophagy-related diseases with altered rDNA transcription.