Hydrocephalus in encephalocele

Area of Science:

• Pediatric Neurosurgery
• Developmental Biology
• Congenital Malformations

Background:

• Encephalocele is a rare congenital neural tube defect involving herniation of intracranial contents.
• Its association with hydrocephalus and impact on prognosis require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the association between encephalocele and hydrocephalus.
• To assess the effect of this association on patient prognosis.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective examination of 78 patients diagnosed with encephalocele between 2013 and 2021.
• Analysis of patient records, including surgical interventions, associated anomalies, and outcomes.

Main Results:

• Hydrocephalus occurred in 56.4% of patients and was significantly associated with encephalocele (73.5%), Chiari type 3 malformation (77.8%), and worse outcomes.
• Occipital encephalocele was most common (82.1%), with Chiari type 3 malformation present in 57.6% of cases.
• Mortality was 32.1% despite complete surgical repair, with hydrocephalus and associated anomalies being key factors.

Conclusions:

• Hydrocephalus and Chiari type 3 malformation are common in encephalocele patients and adversely affect prognosis.
• A multidisciplinary approach is essential for managing encephalocele and reducing morbidity and mortality.
• Further research into neural tube defect risk factors and prevention strategies is recommended.