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Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip: A Review

Spyridon Sioutis1, Stylianos Kolovos2, Maria-Eleni Papakonstantinou3

  • 1First Department of Orthopaedics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University Medical School, Athens, Greece.

Journal of Long-Term Effects of Medical Implants
|August 22, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a common infant condition. Early diagnosis via ultrasound and treatments like the Pavlik harness improve outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Orthopedics
  • Musculoskeletal Disorders

Background:

  • Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is the most common infant musculoskeletal disorder.
  • Risk factors include breech presentation, family history, and being a firstborn. It's more prevalent in female infants.
  • DDH involves a shallow acetabulum and improper femoral head positioning, often associated with other congenital deformities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the literature on DDH, summarizing its pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment.
  • To highlight the importance of early detection and conservative management strategies.
  • To discuss the outcomes for patients diagnosed with DDH.

Main Methods:

  • Literature search for published studies on DDH.
  • Synthesis of information regarding DDH pathogenesis and diagnosis.
  • Discussion of treatment modalities and patient outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Clinical examination (Barlow, Ortolani tests) offers limited diagnostic information.
  • Sonographic examination is the most accurate diagnostic tool for DDH.
  • Graf classification categorizes DDH into four types based on ultrasound findings.

Conclusions:

  • Widespread ultrasonography use has reduced missed DDH diagnoses.
  • Early and conservative treatment, often with devices like the Pavlik harness, is typically effective.
  • Prompt diagnosis and intervention are crucial for favorable patient outcomes in DDH.

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