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Studying Cryptosporidium Infection in 3D Tissue-derived Human Organoid Culture Systems by Microinjection
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High infectivity and unique genomic sequence characteristics of Cryptosporidium parvum in China

Ruilian Jia1, Wanyi Huang2, Ni Huang2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.

Plos Neglected Tropical Diseases
|August 22, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Newly identified Cryptosporidium parvum IId subtypes in China exhibit high animal infectivity and distinct genetic traits. These subtypes cause more severe infections in mice compared to the common IIa type.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Parasitology
  • Genomics
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Zoonotic Cryptosporidium parvum infections pose a significant public health concern.
  • The IIa and IId subtypes are the primary causes of Cryptosporidium parvum infections.
  • Limited biological and genetic data exist for the IId subtypes, particularly in China.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the infection and genetic characteristics of Cryptosporidium parvum IId subtypes in China.
  • To compare the infectivity, pathogenicity, and genomic features of IId subtypes with the reference IIa subtype.
  • To identify genetic differences associated with infectivity and virulence in IId isolates.

Main Methods:

  • Infection studies were conducted using interferon-γ-knockout mice.
  • Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to measure oocyst shedding.
  • Histological examination assessed pathological changes.
  • Comparative genomic analyses were performed to identify genetic variations.

Main Results:

  • Mice infected with IId isolates showed significantly higher and prolonged oocyst shedding and reduced body weight gain compared to IIa isolates.
  • The four IId isolates exhibited significant variations in infectivity, oocyst shedding duration, and pathogenicity.
  • Genomic analysis revealed IId isolates possess more subtelomeric genes and substantial nucleotide substitutions compared to IIa.
  • Virulence-associated genetic differences in IId isolates were localized within specific chromosomal blocks.

Conclusions:

  • The emerging Cryptosporidium parvum IId subtypes in China demonstrate high animal infectivity.
  • These IId subtypes possess unique genomic characteristics that differentiate them from the IIa subtype.
  • Understanding these characteristics is crucial for controlling Cryptosporidium parvum transmission and developing targeted interventions.

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