Applying 3D X-ray Microscopy to Model Coated Gasoline Particulate Filters under Practical Driving Conditions

Recent progress in 3D X-ray microscopy allows the analysis of coated gasoline particulate filters on a detailed pore-scale level. However, derivable detailed three-dimensional models for filter simulation are not applicable under transient driving conditions of automotive aftertreatment systems due to their inherent complexity. Here, we present a novel concept to utilize highly resolved 3D X-ray microscopy scans and their quantitative analysis for a macroscopic model of coated gasoline particulate filters intended to be applied in a driving cycle. A previously developed filtration model build on a 1D + 1D flow model on the channel scale of a filter is utilized. Accompanying measurements conducted on a dynamic engine test bench serve as validation for pressure drop and filtration characteristics. With the determined properties from 3D X-ray microscopy, the macroscopic model successfully replicates the measurements. Regarding the filter coating, the reduced porosity and a decrease of medium sized pores relative to an uncoated substrate reduce the filtration efficiency under steady-state as well as transient conditions.