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Related Concept Videos

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
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Human genetics provides a profound framework for understanding the interplay between genetic predispositions and human psychology. At the heart of this discipline lies the study of how genes influence physical traits, behaviors, and susceptibility to diseases. Each person carries a unique genetic code that subtly or significantly shapes their psychological and behavioral landscape.
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Behavior genetics explores how genetic inheritance influences human behavior. It focuses on how genes, passed from parents to offspring, contribute to the development of behavioral traits and tendencies. This branch of genetics seeks to understand the complex interplay between inherited genetic factors and environmental influences in shaping our behaviors.
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Schizophrenia, a severe psychiatric disorder, arises from a complex interplay of biological factors, including genetic predisposition, structural brain abnormalities, neurotransmitter dysregulation, and developmental irregularities. These factors collectively contribute to the onset and progression of the disorder, which typically manifests in late adolescence or early adulthood.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 31, 2025

Identification and Classification of Position-specific GABAA Receptor Subunit Missense Variants for Their Role In Hippocampal Pyramidal Neurons
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Shared genetics and causality underlying epilepsy and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Yong Wu1, Yichen Li2, Junhong Zhu3

  • 1Research Center for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, Hubei 430012, China.

Psychiatry Research
|August 22, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and epilepsy share genetic links and common causal variants. This suggests shared biological pathways contribute to both conditions, offering new insights into their comorbidity.

Keywords:
ADHDEpilepsyGenetic correlationMendelian randomizationShared genetics

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Area of Science:

  • Neurogenetics
  • Psychiatric disorders
  • Neurological disorders

Background:

  • Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and epilepsy exhibit higher comorbidity than expected by chance.
  • The underlying genetic mechanisms connecting ADHD and epilepsy are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the genetic correlation, causality, shared genetic architecture, and tissue-specific expression between ADHD and epilepsy.
  • To identify shared genomic loci and relevant tissues implicated in both disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) for genetic association analysis.
  • Employed two-sample Mendelian randomization (TwoSampleMR) to assess causality.
  • Applied bivariate causal mixture model (MiXeR) and conjunctional false discovery rate (conjFDR) for shared variant and loci identification.
  • Analyzed genome-wide association studies (GWASs) data for ADHD and epilepsy.

Main Results:

  • A significant positive genetic correlation was found between ADHD and epilepsy.
  • ADHD was shown to have a positive causal effect on epilepsy.
  • Approximately 1,000 causal variants were observed to overlap between ADHD and epilepsy.
  • Two distinct genomic loci were shared between ADHD and epilepsy at a conjFDR <0.05.
  • The cortex, substantia nigra, amygdala, and hippocampus were identified as key shared tissues.

Conclusions:

  • ADHD and epilepsy are genetically correlated, suggesting shared etiological factors.
  • Common pathogenic sites and tissue origins likely contribute to the comorbidity of ADHD and epilepsy.
  • These findings provide a genetic basis for the observed co-occurrence of ADHD and epilepsy.