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Physical Methods for Controlling Microbial Growth: Radiation and Filtration01:26

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Radiation and filtration are essential tools for microbial control, targeting microorganisms through distinct mechanisms. Radiation eliminates microbes by damaging their DNA, either killing them or inhibiting their growth. Based on wavelength, radiation is classified into two types: nonionizing and ionizing radiation.Non-ionizing radiation, such as UV radiation (200–400 nm), is absorbed by DNA, causing defects that effectively disinfect surfaces, air, and water, including safety cabinets.
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As used in a healthcare facility, sterilization destroys all microorganisms through physical or chemical methods. The physical method includes steam, dry heat, boiling water, and radiation.
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Chemicals play important roles in controlling microbial growth by targeting microbial structures and functions as sanitizers, antiseptics, disinfectants, and sterilants.Alcohols are commonly used sanitizers, effectively disrupting lipid membranes, which compromises cell integrity. They are also used as antiseptics and disinfectants due to their rapid action and versatility.Phenols and their derivatives phenolics , known for denaturing proteins and disrupting cell membranes, are particularly...
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Cleaning, disinfection, and sterilization are the methods that help to break the infection chain and prevent disease.
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Heat is a widely used method to control microbial growth by targeting and denaturing cellular proteins, thereby killing or inactivating microbes. This method's effectiveness is quantified using parameters such as the thermal death point (TDP), thermal death time (TDT), and decimal reduction time (D value). TDP represents the lowest temperature at which all microorganisms in a liquid suspension are eliminated within 10 minutes, whereas TDT is the time necessary to achieve sterilization at a...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 31, 2025

Treating Surfaces with a Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma using the COST-Jet
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Mask disinfection using atmospheric pressure cold plasma.

Ana Sainz-García1, Paula Toledano2, Ignacio Muro-Fraguas1

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of La Rioja, C/ San José de Calasanz 31, 26004 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain.

International Journal of Infectious Diseases : IJID : Official Publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases
|August 22, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Atmospheric pressure cold plasma effectively disinfects masks, addressing shortages and bacterial growth. This eco-friendly technology maintains mask integrity, enabling safe reusability.

Keywords:
Antibacterial treatmentCold plasmaDisinfectionMaskPlasma treatment

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Microbiology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic led to mask shortages and increased skin issues due to prolonged use and bacterial overgrowth.
  • Conventional disinfection methods may be insufficient or unsustainable for widespread mask reuse.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate atmospheric pressure cold plasma as a sustainable technology for mask disinfection.
  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of cold plasma treatment for mask reuse.

Main Methods:

  • Testing various microorganisms (e.g., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus spp.) against cold plasma.
  • Optimizing plasma parameters including gas type (nitrogen, argon, air), power (90-300 W), and treatment duration (45 seconds to 5 minutes).

Main Results:

  • Nitrogen gas at 300 W for 1.5 minutes proved most effective for disinfection.
  • Post-treatment analysis confirmed no adverse effects on mask morphology, breathing, or filtering performance after multiple cycles.

Conclusions:

  • Atmospheric pressure cold plasma offers an inexpensive, eco-friendly, and sustainable solution for mask disinfection.
  • This technology supports mask reusability, potentially alleviating mask shortages.