Repeat assault injuries: A scoping review of the incidence and associated risk factors

Individuals who experience assault are at high risk of being re-assaulted. Our objective was to identify reported incidences of re-assault and associated risk factors to better inform prevention strategies.

We conducted a scoping review and searched databases (MEDLINE, PsychINFO, CINAHL, Cochrane Reviews, and Scopus) and grey literature. We performed abstract and full-text screening, and abstracted incidence of re-assault and information related to age, sex, socioeconomic status, mental illness, and incarceration.

We included 32 articles. Studies varied based on setting where index assaults were captured (n=18 inpatient only, n=13 emergency department or inpatient, n=1 other). Reported incidences ranged from 0.8% over one month to 62% through the lifetime. Important risk factors identified include young age, low socioeconomic status, racialized groups, history of mental illness or substance use disorder, and history of incarceration.

Rates of re-assault are high and early intervention is necessary for prevention. We identified notable risk factors that require further in-depth analysis, including sex, gender and age-stratified analyses.

Key risk factors identified should inform timely and targeted intervention strategies for prevention.