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Updated: Aug 31, 2025

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Deterministic Light-to-Voltage Conversion with a Tunable Two-Dimensional Diode.

Mingde Du1,2, Xiaoqi Cui1,2, Bin Zhang1,3

  • 1Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Espoo FI-02150, Finland.

ACS Photonics
|August 23, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a tunable two-dimensional Schottky diode for deterministic light-to-voltage conversion. This semiconductor/metal heterostructure shows a photovoltage independent of gate voltage, enabling reliable optical-to-electrical interconnects.

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Area of Science:

  • Two-dimensional materials
  • Semiconductor/metal heterostructures
  • Optoelectronics

Background:

  • Heterojunctions with energy barriers are crucial for advanced 2D electronics and optoelectronics.
  • Designing band diagrams in 2D junctions enables multimodal optoelectronic devices.
  • Schottky diodes offer unique electronic and optoelectronic properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate deterministic light-to-voltage conversion using a tunable 2D Schottky diode.
  • To investigate the effect of dielectric screening on photovoltage generation.
  • To explore the tunable rectifying behavior of semiconductor/metal heterostructures.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a tunable 2D Schottky diode based on a semiconductor/metal heterostructure.
  • Characterization of photovoltage generation under monochromatic and white light illumination.
  • Analysis of gate-dependent Fermi level shifts and rectifying effects.
  • Scanning photocurrent mapping to understand photoresponse mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • A constant open-circuit voltage of ~0.44 V was observed under 1 μW, 403 nm laser illumination.
  • The photovoltage was independent of gate voltage but dependent on light intensity.
  • A hybrid photovoltaic + photoconduction photoresponse behavior was observed.
  • An electrical rectification ratio approaching 104 was achieved.
  • Switchable photoresponse modes (photovoltaic, photoconduction, hybrid) were identified.

Conclusions:

  • Deterministic light-to-voltage conversion is achievable in tunable 2D Schottky diodes.
  • The strong dielectric screening effect plays a key role in photovoltage generation.
  • This approach offers a facile solution for on-chip optical-to-electrical interconnects.