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Politeness in Human-Robot Interaction: A Multi-Experiment Study with Non-Humanoid Robots.
Shikhar Kumar1, Eliran Itzhak1, Yael Edan1
1Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Ben-Gurion University of Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel.
International Journal of Social Robotics
|August 23, 2022
Summary
Polite robots enhance human-robot interaction, increasing user enjoyment and trust. Older adults showed more trust in polite robots than younger adults, with live interactions yielding better results.
Area of Science:
- Human-Robot Interaction
- Social Robotics
- Cognitive Science
Background:
- Politeness theory, established by Lakoff, provides a framework for understanding social interactions.
- Non-humanoid robots are increasingly integrated into daily life, necessitating research into their social behavior.
- Understanding user perceptions of robot politeness is crucial for designing effective and acceptable human-robot interactions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the impact of varying politeness levels in non-humanoid robots on user perceptions.
- To evaluate user responses to robot politeness across different robot types, user demographics, and interaction conditions.
- To determine if users can distinguish between different levels of robot politeness.
Main Methods:
- Eight studies were conducted manipulating three levels of robot politeness using a table-setting task.
- Two robot types (robotic manipulator, mobile robot) and two populations (old and young adults) were used.
- Interaction conditions included live and video, with user perceptions of enjoyment, satisfaction, and trust measured.
Main Results:
- Polite robot behavior significantly improved user perceptions of the interaction, including enjoyment, satisfaction, and trust.
- Participants could differentiate between the designed politeness levels of the robots.
- Older adults reported higher trust in polite robots compared to younger adults. Live interactions led to greater enjoyment and trust than video conditions. Mobile robots elicited higher satisfaction than manipulator robots.
Conclusions:
- Implementing politeness in non-humanoid robots positively influences user experience and interaction quality.
- Robot politeness is a perceivable and impactful feature, varying across user groups and interaction modalities.
- Designers should consider politeness strategies, robot embodiment, and interaction context to optimize human-robot collaboration.
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