Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

2.2K
The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
2.2K
Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:17

Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

3.4K
Ziegler–Natta polymerization is another form of addition or chain‐growth polymerization used for synthesizing linear polymers over branched polymers. The catalyst used for polymerization is the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, named after Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, who developed it in 1953. This catalyst is an organometallic complex of titanium tetrachloride and triethyl aluminum, with the active form of the catalyst being an alkyl titanium compound. Using the Ziegler–Natta...
3.4K
ATP and Macromolecule Synthesis01:28

ATP and Macromolecule Synthesis

6.0K
Biological macromolecules are organic compounds, predominantly composed of carbon atoms. The carbon atoms are covalently bonded with hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and other minor elements. There are four major biological macromolecule classes: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
Most macromolecules are composed of single subunits, or building blocks, called monomers. The monomers combine with each other using covalent bonds to form larger molecules known as polymers.
Conversion of...
6.0K
Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

2.4K
The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
2.4K
Polymers02:34

Polymers

36.4K
The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
36.4K
Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

3.6K
Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
3.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Multiferroics in Two-Dimensional Silica with Li Encapsulation.

Nano letters·2026
Same author

Synthesizing Two-Dimensional Chiral Cobalt Telluride through a Predesigned Buffer Layer.

Nano letters·2025
Same author

Boosting Hydrogen Evolution on MoS<sub>2</sub> via Ion Irradiation: Synergistic Effect of Vacancy and Substitution.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2025
Same author

High-throughput computational screening of auxetic two-dimensional metal dichalcogenides and dihalides.

The Journal of chemical physics·2025
Same author

Topological Fermiology of gate-tunable Rashba electron gases.

Science advances·2024
Same author

Prediction of Novel Trigonal Chloride Superionic Conductors as Promising Solid Electrolytes for All-Solid-State Lithium Batteries.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2024
Same journal

Electronegative, Transparent, and Flexible Triboelectric Electrodes via Three-Dimensionally Stacked Interconnect Structure with Cross-Interface Electron Transport.

The journal of physical chemistry letters·2026
Same journal

Effects of Ether Bonds on Liquid-Liquid Transitions in Quaternary Ammonium and Phosphonium Ionic Liquids under High Pressure.

The journal of physical chemistry letters·2026
Same journal

Origins of Size-Dependent Kinetics in Microdroplets.

The journal of physical chemistry letters·2026
Same journal

Iso-Potential <i>Operando</i> Coupling of XRD and a Profile Reactor: Structural Insights into ZnPd/ZnO during Methanol Steam Reforming.

The journal of physical chemistry letters·2026
Same journal

Formation of Methanol Clathrate Hydrate in Simulated Interstellar Ices.

The journal of physical chemistry letters·2026
Same journal

Suppressing Residual Low-Dimensional Phases in Bromide Perovskite LEDs Using a Dimethyl Phosphate Ionic Liquid.

The journal of physical chemistry letters·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 31, 2025

Microscopic Visualization of Porous Nanographenes Synthesized through a Combination of Solution and On-Surface Chemistry
08:18

Microscopic Visualization of Porous Nanographenes Synthesized through a Combination of Solution and On-Surface Chemistry

Published on: March 4, 2021

1.8K

On-Surface Synthesis toward Two-Dimensional Polymers.

Tianchao Niu1, Chenqiang Hua1, Miao Zhou1,2

  • 1Beihang Hangzhou Innovation Institute Yuhang, Xixi Octagon City, Yuhang District, Hangzhou 310023, China.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters
|August 23, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers explore synthesizing high-quality, large-scale two-dimensional (2D) polymers with unique band structures. Strategies for on-surface polymerization and monomer design are discussed for advanced applications.

More Related Videos

Solid-phase Submonomer Synthesis of Peptoid Polymers and their Self-Assembly into Highly-Ordered Nanosheets
13:42

Solid-phase Submonomer Synthesis of Peptoid Polymers and their Self-Assembly into Highly-Ordered Nanosheets

Published on: November 2, 2011

29.6K
Residue-Free Fabrication of van der Waals Heterostructures of Two-Dimensional Materials
04:56

Residue-Free Fabrication of van der Waals Heterostructures of Two-Dimensional Materials

Published on: July 18, 2025

233

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 31, 2025

Microscopic Visualization of Porous Nanographenes Synthesized through a Combination of Solution and On-Surface Chemistry
08:18

Microscopic Visualization of Porous Nanographenes Synthesized through a Combination of Solution and On-Surface Chemistry

Published on: March 4, 2021

1.8K
Solid-phase Submonomer Synthesis of Peptoid Polymers and their Self-Assembly into Highly-Ordered Nanosheets
13:42

Solid-phase Submonomer Synthesis of Peptoid Polymers and their Self-Assembly into Highly-Ordered Nanosheets

Published on: November 2, 2011

29.6K
Residue-Free Fabrication of van der Waals Heterostructures of Two-Dimensional Materials
04:56

Residue-Free Fabrication of van der Waals Heterostructures of Two-Dimensional Materials

Published on: July 18, 2025

233

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Condensed Matter Physics

Background:

  • Two-dimensional (2D) polymers exhibit unique physicochemical properties, driving interest for applications in nanodevices and advanced materials.
  • Current applications are limited by challenges in achieving high-quality and large-scale production of these materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review exotic band structures in organic frameworks with honeycomb, kagome, and Lieb lattices.
  • To discuss synthesis strategies for mesoscale ordered 2D polymers.
  • To explore on-surface polymerization techniques for π-conjugated polymers.

Main Methods:

  • Monomer design and selection for controlled polymerization.
  • Optimization of growth conditions for mesoscale ordering.
  • Aryl-aryl coupling on inert surfaces to preserve polymer properties.
  • Photopolymerization techniques.

Main Results:

  • Successful polymerization strategies incorporating non-benzenoid subunits into π-conjugated carbon lattices.
  • Demonstration of on-surface coupling methods to maintain intrinsic polymer properties.
  • Highlighting the critical role of monomer design in photopolymerization.

Conclusions:

  • 2D polymers offer significant potential in various scientific fields.
  • On-surface polymerization presents a promising avenue for future research and development.
  • Continued advancements in monomer design and synthesis are crucial for realizing the full potential of 2D polymers.