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Detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection in Children Migrating to Australia

Ingrid Laemmle-Ruff, Stephen M Graham, Bridget Williams

    Emerging Infectious Diseases
    |August 23, 2022
    PubMed

    Insights

    Australia

    Area of Science:

    • Public Health
    • Infectious Disease Epidemiology
    • Pediatric Medicine

    Background:

    • Australia updated its tuberculosis (TB) screening for child migrants in 2015.
    • The update included testing for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and latent TB infection (LTBI).

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To analyze the results of Australia's updated TB screening program for children.
    • To evaluate the detection rates of active TB and LTBI in child visa applicants.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of TB screening data for children under 15 years old from November 2015 to June 2017.
    • Utilized interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) and tuberculin skin test (TST) for screening.
    • Examined factors associated with LTBI detection.

    Main Results:

    • 45,060 children were screened using IGRA or TST.
    • 21 cases of active TB were diagnosed.
    • Latent TB infection (LTBI) was detected in 3.3% of children, with 30 applicants screened per LTBI case.
    • Factors associated with LTBI included older age, TB contact, higher TB prevalence region of origin, and TST use.

    Conclusions:

    • The updated screening program successfully detects TB and LTBI in children.
    • The overall impact of the screening program on TB incidence in Australia is anticipated to be limited.
    • Screening benefits individual children by identifying and managing TB and LTBI.

    Keywords:
    Australiabacteriachildrenlatent tuberculosis infectionmigrationscreeningtuberculosis and other mycobacteria

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