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Landscape of Clinically Relevant Exosomal tRNA-Derived Non-coding RNAs
Padmanaban S Suresh1, Sanu Thankachan1, Thejaswini Venkatesh2
1School of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Kozhikode, 673601, India.
Molecular Biotechnology
|August 23, 2022
Summary
Exosomes, tiny vesicles carrying RNA, are increasingly recognized as disease biomarkers. This review focuses on clinically relevant tRNA-derived fragments found within exosomes for various pathological conditions.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Molecular Biology
- Genomics
Background:
- Exosomes are extracellular vesicles (<150 nm) involved in intercellular communication.
- Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) within exosomes are crucial for their function and are studied as biomarkers.
- Transfer RNA-derived fragments (tRFs) are a class of small ncRNAs found in exosomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the clinical relevance of exosomal tRNA-derived fragments in pathological conditions.
- To highlight the potential of these ncRNAs as novel biomarkers.
- To bridge the gap in literature focusing solely on plasma/serum biomarkers.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on exosomal ncRNAs and tRFs.
- Analysis of existing research on biomarker potential of tRNA-derived fragments.
- Synthesis of findings related to exosomal tRFs in disease.
Main Results:
- Exosomal tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs) are implicated in various diseases.
- Specific tRFs show promise as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.
- YBX1 is identified as a key protein in exosomal RNA sorting.
Conclusions:
- Exosomal tRFs represent a significant area for biomarker discovery in pathology.
- Further research into exosomal tRFs can lead to new diagnostic tools.
- This review consolidates current knowledge on exosomal tRFs for clinical relevance.
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