Advances in cardiac resuscitation in the emergency department

Cardiogenic shock, cardiac arrest, and circulatory failure are life-threatening, and recognizing the underlying etiology and initiating treatment to promote perfusion are key to managing these patients and improving outcomes. This issue reviews the current evidence on diagnosis and management of cardiogenic shock, including oxygen supplementation, red blood cell transfusion, vasopressors, and inotropes. A summary of the various mechanical circulatory support options, including inclusion/exclusion criteria and admission and inter-facility transfer guidance, is included. Special considerations regarding the resuscitation and management of patients with intracorporeal left ventricular assist devices who are experiencing circulatory failure are outlined, including testing, imaging, and treatment.