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Related Concept Videos

Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

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The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
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Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

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Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
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Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

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The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
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Observational Learning01:12

Observational Learning

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Albert Bandura's observational learning, also known as imitation or modeling, occurs when a person observes and imitates another's behavior. It is a quicker process than operant conditioning. A well-known example is the Bobo doll study, where children who saw an adult acting aggressively towards the doll were more likely to act aggressively when left alone, compared to those who observed a nonaggressive adult. Many psychologists view observational learning as a form of latent learning...
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Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory01:26

Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory

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Memory is one of the most vital higher mental functions of the brain. Memory is closely related to learning because it enables us to retain information and experiences from our past to use them in our present life. It also helps us to remember facts, events, and skills, such as riding a bike or swimming. There are two types of memory — declarative memory, which involves memorizing facts or events, and procedural memory, which enables us to remember how to do something like writing or...
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Associative Learning01:27

Associative Learning

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Associative learning is a fundamental concept in behavioral psychology, wherein a connection is established between two stimuli or events, leading to a learned response. This process is critical in understanding how behaviors are acquired and modified. Conditioning, the mechanism through which associations are formed, can be divided into two main types: classical conditioning and operant conditioning, each elucidating different aspects of associative learning.
Classical conditioning, also known...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 31, 2025

A Lateralized Odor Learning Model in Neonatal Rats for Dissecting Neural Circuitry Underpinning Memory Formation
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A Lateralized Odor Learning Model in Neonatal Rats for Dissecting Neural Circuitry Underpinning Memory Formation

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The facets of olfactory learning.

Janine K Reinert1, Izumi Fukunaga1

  • 1Sensory and Behavioural Neuroscience Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna, Okinawa.

Current Opinion in Neurobiology
|August 23, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Rodents learn from environmental odors through complex olfactory learning. This review covers recent advances in understanding how they adapt, refine tasks, and associate smells with other senses.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 31, 2025

A Lateralized Odor Learning Model in Neonatal Rats for Dissecting Neural Circuitry Underpinning Memory Formation
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Animal Behavior
  • Olfactory Learning

Background:

  • Volatile chemicals in the environment offer crucial ethological information for animals.
  • Understanding the mechanisms of olfactory learning is a developing field.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent experimental findings on olfactory learning in rodents.
  • To highlight adaptations, task-dependent refinements, and multisensory associations in olfactory learning.

Main Methods:

  • Review of experimental studies on olfactory learning in rodents.
  • Analysis of behavioral adaptations and neural mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Olfactory learning in rodents is multifaceted, involving environmental adaptations.
  • Task-dependent refinement and the integration of multisensory information are key aspects.
  • Diverse brain areas are implicated in olfactory learning processes.

Conclusions:

  • Olfactory learning in rodents is complex and involves various phenomena, mechanisms, and brain regions.
  • Recent advances reveal sophisticated ways rodents utilize olfactory information.