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Experimental study on polycaprolactone scaffold cell-based nasal implant using 3D printing.

Galina Khan1, Dong Gyu Kim1, Seung Min Nam1

  • 1Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Republic of Korea.

Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery : JPRAS
|August 23, 2022
PubMed
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This study explored polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering. Larger pore sizes (400 µm) supported chondrocyte and cartilage regeneration, while smaller pores (200 µm) were optimal for fibroblast proliferation.

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Investigating porous biocompatible scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering.
  • Utilizing animal models to assess scaffold integration with cells or cartilage grafts.
  • Exploring three-dimensional (3D) printing for creating polycaprolactone (PCL) based nasal implants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally evaluate cell-based nasal implants using 3D printed polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds.
  • To assess the potential of combining PCL scaffolds with primary cells or autologous diced cartilage.
  • To determine the optimal pore size of PCL scaffolds for different cell types in cartilage regeneration.

Main Methods:

  • Hollow PCL cage scaffolds with 200 µm and 400 µm pore sizes were fabricated using 3D printing.
Keywords:
Nasal implantPolycaprolactone (PCL)Pore sizeScaffoldThree-dimensional (3D) culture techniqueThree-dimensional (3D) printing

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  • Scaffolds were divided into three groups: chondrocytes, fibroblasts, or autologous diced cartilage, loaded with agarose gel.
  • Cell seeding density was maintained at 5 × 10^6 cells/mL for chondrocytes and fibroblasts.

    • Main Results:

    • All PCL implants demonstrated successful integration with surrounding tissues.
    • Chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation were superior in 400 µm pore size scaffolds compared to 200 µm.
    • Fibroblast proliferation was optimal in 200 µm pore size scaffolds, indicating cell-type specific responses to pore size.
    • PCL scaffolds facilitated stable augmentation with minimal contour changes.

    Conclusions:

    • Polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds with 400 µm pore size exhibit chondrogenic potential for cartilage tissue engineering when combined with chondrocytes or autologous diced cartilage.
    • PCL scaffolds with 200 µm pore size show potential for cartilage tissue formation using fibroblasts.
    • 3D printed PCL scaffolds offer a promising approach for stable nasal augmentation in cartilage tissue engineering.