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Exosomes are stable, lipid bilayer-enclosed vesicles capable of crossing biological barriers. They can carry a wide range of molecules required for intercellular communication. Once exosomes are released from the cell where they originated, they enter a recipient cell through various pathways such as fusion, receptor-mediated endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis.
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Updated: Aug 31, 2025

Multimodal Analytical Platform on a Multiplexed Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging Chip for the Analysis of Extracellular Vesicle Subsets
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Recent developments in biosensing methods for extracellular vesicle protein characterization.

Jugal Suthar1,2, Marissa Taub2, Randy P Carney3

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London, UK.

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology
|August 23, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) show promise as biomarkers for disease detection via liquid biopsies. Novel biosensing techniques are emerging to overcome challenges in characterizing these tiny vesicles for clinical use.

Keywords:
absorbanceacoustic resonatorsbiosensingelectrochemicalelectrochemical quartz crystal microbalance with dissipationexosomesextracellular vesiclesfluorescenceinterferometryplasmon resonancesurface enhanced Raman spectroscopy

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Nanotechnology
  • Molecular Diagnostics

Background:

  • Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are increasingly recognized as crucial biomarkers for human health and disease, offering significant clinical potential.
  • Secreted by all cell types, EVs reflect cellular conditions and are accessible in biofluids, making them attractive for noninvasive diagnostics through liquid biopsies.
  • Challenges in characterizing EVs, including their small size, heterogeneity, and complex biofluid environment, currently limit their clinical utility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review key detection principles for extracellular vesicle (EV) biosensing.
  • To highlight recent fundamental developments in EV biosensing techniques over the past five years.
  • To discuss the potential of novel biosensing methods that surpass conventional cell biology techniques for EV analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on recent advancements in EV biosensing.
  • Summary of key detection principles and technologies for EV characterization.
  • Analysis of novel techniques developed in the last five years.

Main Results:

  • Significant growth in research on extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their biomarker potential.
  • Development of novel EV biosensing techniques addressing limitations of conventional methods.
  • Focus on recent advancements in EV detection principles and technologies.

Conclusions:

  • Extracellular vesicles (EVs) hold immense promise as diagnostic biomarkers.
  • Novel biosensing technologies are crucial for overcoming characterization challenges and realizing the clinical potential of EVs.
  • Continued innovation in EV biosensing is vital for advancing noninvasive diagnostics.