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Encephalomyelitis associated with coronavirus disease 2019: a case report
Riwanti Estiasari1,2, Kartika Maharani3,4, Fitri Octaviana3,4
1Department of Neurology Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital Jakarta, Jl. Salemba 6, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia. riwanti.estiasari04@ui.ac.id.
Journal of Medical Case Reports
|August 23, 2022
Summary
A case of longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis and encephalitis following mild coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection is presented. Effective treatment involved high-dose steroids and intravenous immunoglobulin.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Infectious Diseases
- Immunology
Background:
- Neurological manifestations of COVID-19 are increasingly reported.
- However, transverse myelitis and encephalitis are rare complications.
Observation:
- A 35-year-old female developed longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis 3 weeks after mild COVID-19.
- She later presented with encephalitis, fever, and loss of consciousness, with worsening myelitis symptoms.
Findings:
- COVID-19 infection was diagnosed, with positive SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in CSF but no detectable viral DNA.
- High-dose methylprednisolone initially improved myelitis, while IV immunoglobulin led to recovery from encephalitis.
Implications:
- Longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis can be a neurological sequela of COVID-19.
- Encephalomyelitis may follow transverse myelitis in COVID-19 patients.
- Immunomodulatory treatments like steroids and IVIG show promise for managing these neurological complications.
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