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Assessment of Cognitive Reserve using Near Infrared Spectroscopy.

Andrei V Medvedev¹

¹Center for Functional and Molecular Imaging, Department of Neurology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, USA.

Journal of Analytical Techniques and Research

|August 24, 2022

Summary

Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) can measure cognitive reserve (CR) by assessing frontoparietal network connectivity. Higher FC LPFC correlates with IQ, suggesting fNIRS as a biomarker for Alzheimer's disease risk.

Keywords:

Cognitive reserve Functional connectivity Near infrared spectroscopy Prefrontal cortex Resting state fNIRS

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Science
Biomarker Development

Background:

Cognitive reserve (CR) aids in maintaining cognitive function despite brain pathology, crucial for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia risk reduction.
The frontoparietal network is implicated in CR, yet a reliable neurophysiological biomarker is needed.
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies highlight the frontoparietal network's role in CR.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate functional connectivity of the lateral prefrontal cortex (FC LPFC) as a neurophysiological marker of cognitive reserve.
To assess the utility of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) for measuring CR.
To explore the relationship between FC LPFC, IQ, and motoric skills in healthy individuals.

Main Methods:

Intraregional functional connectivity of the lateral prefrontal cortex (FC LPFC) was measured using resting-state functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS).
Thirteen healthy participants underwent fNIRS assessment and completed tests for IQ and motor skills (Purdue Pegboard Test, PPT).

Main Results:

FC LPFC positively correlated with IQ, a proxy for cognitive reserve.
FC LPFC showed a lack of or negative correlation with Purdue Pegboard Test scores.
fNIRS demonstrated potential as a cost-effective, noninvasive tool for evaluating CR.

Conclusions:

fNIRS can effectively measure FC LPFC, reflecting cognitive reserve.
This technology offers a promising avenue for assessing CR in individuals at risk for AD and other cognitive disorders.
fNIRS has potential applications in healthy aging research and understanding age-related cognitive decline.