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Related Concept Videos

Coping Strategies: Problem Focused01:27

Coping Strategies: Problem Focused

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Coping strategies are methods people use to manage, tolerate, or reduce the effects of stressors. These strategies involve both behavioral and psychological actions to handle stressful situations. One common approach is problem-focused coping, which aims to change or eliminate the source of stress rather than merely addressing its consequences. This method involves taking direct action to resolve the issue causing stress.
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Coping Strategies: Emotion Focused01:20

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Emotion-focused coping refers to a set of strategies aimed at managing the emotional impact of stressors, rather than directly addressing their causes. This approach involves altering one's emotional response to stressful situations to reduce their psychological effects. For example, individuals might talk with a friend or engage in activities like journaling to express their feelings. Such actions can help achieve emotional clarity or release, providing the psychological stability needed...
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Cognitive psychologist Richard Lazarus proposed the cognitive-mediational theory of emotions, which emphasizes how individuals' assessments of stressors significantly affect their experience of stress. According to Lazarus, the stress response is determined by a two-step appraisal process: primary appraisal and secondary appraisal. These cognitive appraisals help individuals evaluate the potential impact of a stressor and determine the adequacy of their coping resources.
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Measuring coping in multiple sclerosis: The Coping Index-MS.

Carolyn A Young1, Roger J Mills1, Dawn Langdon2

  • 1The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK/University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.

Multiple Sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)
|August 24, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new brief patient-reported outcome measure for multiple sclerosis (MS) coping, the CI-MS, offers interval-level metrics. This tool aids in tracking coping strategies and patient outcomes over time.

Keywords:
CopingRaschTONiC studymultiple sclerosispatient-reported outcome measuretrajectory

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Area of Science:

  • Psychometric validation
  • Patient-reported outcome measures
  • Multiple Sclerosis research

Background:

  • Existing coping scales for multiple sclerosis (MS) lack modern psychometric properties.
  • Current measures do not allow for interval-level metrics, hindering change score analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a brief, patient-reported outcome measure for coping in MS.
  • The new scale aims for interval-level measurement to track changes in coping strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Qualitative research with 43 MS patients informed a draft scale.
  • The scale was administered to 5747 participants, with longitudinal data from 2290.
  • Rasch model analysis of 1000 subjects generated three interval-level scales: CI-MS-T, CI-MS-I, and CI-MS-E.

Main Results:

  • The Coping Index-MS (CI-MS) scales (total, internal, external) provide interval-level measurement.
  • Trajectory analysis of 9000 questionnaires revealed two coping patterns.
  • A baseline CI-MS-T score below 30 predicted group membership, indicating distinct coping trajectories.

Conclusions:

  • The 20-item CI-MS scales (CI-MS-T, CI-MS-I, CI-MS-E) offer valid interval-level measurement for MS coping.
  • These scales are freely available for non-profit use.
  • The CI-MS provides a robust tool for assessing and monitoring coping in individuals with MS.