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Bonding in Metals

Bonding in Metals

Metallic bonds are formed between two metal atoms. A simplified model to describe metallic bonding has been developed by Paul Drüde called the “Electron Sea Model”.

Alkali Metals

Alkali Metals

Group 1 elements are soft and shiny metallic solids. They are malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity. The melting points of the alkali metals are unusually low for metals and decrease going down the group, while the density increases going down the group with the exception of potassium (Table 1).
Table 1: Properties of the alkali metals

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 31, 2025

Co-localizing Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy with Other Microscopies and Spectroscopies: Selected Applications in Corrosion Characterization of Alloys

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Published on: June 27, 2022

Phase Separation Induced Binary Core-Shell Alloy Nanoparticles Embedded in Carbon Sheets for Magnesium Storage.

Chen Chen¹, Huawen Huang¹, Renzong Hu²

¹School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Storage Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

|August 24, 2022

Summary

New magnesium-ion battery (MIB) anodes using binary bismuth-tin alloy nanoparticles (Bi@Sn-C) show improved stability and performance. This development addresses challenges with magnesium metal anodes in MIBs.

Keywords:

Bi Sn alloy anode core−shell magnesium-ion batteries phase separation

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Last Updated: Aug 31, 2025

Co-localizing Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy with Other Microscopies and Spectroscopies: Selected Applications in Corrosion Characterization of Alloys

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Phase Diagram Characterization Using Magnetic Beads as Liquid Carriers

Phase Diagram Characterization Using Magnetic Beads as Liquid Carriers

Published on: September 4, 2015

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Electrochemistry
Energy Storage

Background:

Magnesium-ion batteries (MIBs) offer potential for large-scale energy storage due to cost, capacity, and safety advantages.
Reversible plating and stripping of magnesium metal anodes remain a significant challenge in MIB development due to electrolyte incompatibility.

Purpose of the Study:

To design and fabricate a novel anode material for MIBs that overcomes the limitations of magnesium metal anodes.
To investigate the electrochemical performance of binary Bi@Sn alloy nanoparticles embedded in carbon sheets (Bi@Sn-C) as a superior anode for MIBs.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of Bi@Sn-C anode material through phase separation during annealing of bimetallic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs).
Electrochemical testing of Bi@Sn-C electrodes in MIBs, including cycling stability and rate capability assessments.
Optimization of electrochemical performance using a dual-salt electrolyte (LiCl-APC).

Main Results:

Bi@Sn-C electrodes exhibited good cycling stability (214 mA h g⁻¹ at 100 mA g⁻¹ after 100 cycles) and rate capability (200 mA h g⁻¹ at 500 mA g⁻¹).
Performance was further enhanced with the LiCl-APC electrolyte, achieving 308 mA h g⁻¹ at 100 mA g⁻¹ after 100 cycles and 238 mA h g⁻¹ at 500 mA g⁻¹.
The nanostructure design and multi-element coordination of Bi@Sn-C improved structural stability and Mg²⁺ diffusion kinetics.

Conclusions:

The developed Bi@Sn-C anode material demonstrates significant potential for efficient magnesium-ion storage.
This strategy of using alloy nanoparticles embedded in carbon offers a promising pathway for designing advanced anode materials for MIBs.