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Published on: November 8, 2013
Post-COVID-19 Ongoing Symptoms and Health-Related Quality of Life: Does Rehabilitation Matter?: Preliminary Evidence
Patrizia Mammi1, Elena Ranza, Anais Rampello
1From the Rehabilitation Medicine Unit, Medical, Geriatric and Rehabilitation Department, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy (PM, ER, AR, DR, AC, SM, EG, RB); and Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy (FR).
Objective:
Individuals with persisting symptoms after coronavirus disease 2019 have reported a decrease in health-related quality of life. This study explores the outcome of 50 subjects with post-coronavirus disease 2019 ongoing symptoms including "long COVID"(symptoms lasting over 3 mos), after a rehabilitation program focused on three symptoms: fatigue, breathlessness, and pain. The aims were as follows: to assess the feasibility of the program, to observe a possible change in symptoms and quality of life (null hypothesis: no differences in variables before and after treatment), and to investigate a possible relationship between symptoms and quality of life.
Design:
This is a retrospective observational study.
Results:
Symptoms intensity measured with numeric rating scale decreased. Mean differences are as follows: breathlessness, -2.91; fatigue, -2.05; and pain, -2.41 ( P > 0.001). Quality of life measured with Euroqol-5D improved. Mean differences are as follows: Euroqol-5D index, 0.104, and Euroqol-5D visual analog scale, 19.21 ( P < 0.001). Effect size of these changings is classifiable as large (Cohen d > 0.8 and <1.3) except for Euroqol-5D index (Cohen d = -0.575), resulting medium (>0.5 and <0.8). Correlation (Pearson r ) between symptoms and Euroqol-5D resulted moderate for pain and fatigue (-0.609 and -0.531, P < 0.001) and low for breathlessness (-0.533, P < 0.001).
Conclusions:
Rehabilitation can be feasible and may improve symptoms and quality of life. Further research is needed.
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