Previous, current, and future stereotactic EEG techniques for localising epileptic foci

Area of Science:

• Neurosurgery
• Neurology
• Medical Imaging

Background:

• Drug-resistant focal epilepsy poses a global health challenge.
• Epilepsy surgery is an effective treatment, necessitating precise localization of the epileptogenic zone.
• Stereoencephalography (SEEG) is vital for cases with unclear noninvasive data.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the evolution and current state of intracranial EEG, focusing on SEEG.
• To analyze the impact of technological advancements on SEEG accuracy and application.
• To provide insights into future directions in SEEG technology and analysis.

Main Methods:

• Review of historical and current practices in intracranial EEG and SEEG.
• Analysis of advancements in stereotactic image-guidance and robot-assisted navigation.
• Examination of improved imaging techniques and their role in SEEG.

Main Results:

• Technological innovations have enhanced the accuracy, scope, and utilization of SEEG.
• Integration of advanced imaging and navigation has improved electrode placement.
• Emerging AI and machine learning tools promise to refine EEG/SEEG analysis and visualization.

Conclusions:

• SEEG technology has significantly advanced, improving epilepsy surgery planning.
• Future developments in AI, surgical planning software, and integrated operating theaters will further enhance SEEG efficacy.
• These advancements are expected to improve efficiency and outcomes for patients with drug-resistant epilepsy.