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[Prevalence and detection rate of senile cataract in individuals with cardiovascular diseases]
E M Osmanov1, R R Manyakov2, P B Velichko3
1I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.
Insights
Cardiovascular diseases significantly increase the prevalence and detection rates of senile cataracts in adults over 40. This study identifies key populations for targeted cataract screening efforts.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Cardiology
- Geriatrics
Background:
- Senile cataracts are a leading cause of vision impairment, particularly in aging populations.
- Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are highly prevalent in individuals over 40.
- The relationship between CVD and senile cataract prevalence and detection warrants further investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalence of senile cataracts in adults aged 40 and older with cardiovascular system diseases.
- To assess the detection rate of senile cataracts in this specific demographic.
- To identify target populations for enhanced cataract screening.
Main Methods:
- Observational, cross-sectional study design.
- Utilized electronic health records (EHR) of patients aged 40-99 years.
- Analyzed data from patients receiving medical services at a city polyclinic.
Main Results:
- Senile cataract prevalence varied among cardiovascular conditions: essential hypertension (10.4%), cerebrovascular diseases (17.1%), varicose veins (19.9%), and ischemic heart disease (15.8%).
- Cataract detection was significantly higher in patients with CVD (OR 5.02-6.57) and varicose veins (OR 3.70).
- Female gender was associated with increased cataract likelihood across all studied cardiovascular conditions.
Conclusions:
- Specific cardiovascular disease patient groups demonstrate a higher prevalence and detection rate of senile cataracts.
- Findings highlight the need for targeted screening programs for senile cataracts in individuals with cardiovascular diseases.
- Identification of high-risk groups can optimize resource allocation for early cataract detection and intervention.
Objective:
To determine the prevalence of senile cataracts and its detection rate among the population at the age of 40 and older with diseases of the cardiovascular system.
Material And Methods:
This observational cross-sectional study was based on the information extracted from electronic health records (EHR) of patients aged 40-99 years assigned for medical services to a city polyclinic.
Results:
Among the population with essential hypertension (EH) senile cataract occurs with the frequency of 10.4±0.3% (95% CI 9.8-10.9%) of cases, in patients with cerebrovascular diseases (CVD) - 17.1±0.2% (95% CI 16.6-17.5%) of cases, with varicose veins of the lower extremities - 19.9±0.2% (95% CI 19.4-20.3%) of cases, with ischemic heart disease (IHD) - 15.8±0.2% (95% CI 15.4-16.2%) of cases. At the same time, senile cataract is associated with an increase in the likelihood of its detection in patients with hypertension by 6.8 times (OR 6.57; 95% CI 5.89-7.74), with CVD by 5 times (OR 5.02; 95% CI 4.64-5.44), with varicose veins by 3.7 times (OR 3.70; 95% CI 3.34-4.10), with IHD by 3.5 times (OR 3.53; 95% CI 3.20-3.90). Female gender is associated with an increased likelihood of developing senile cataracts in the presence of EH by 1.4 times (OR 1.420; 95% CI 1.299-1.553), in the presence of CVD by 1.2 times (OR 1.199; 95% CI 1.066-1.348), in the presence of varicose veins by 1.4 times (OR 1.355; 95% CI 1.064-1.725), in the presence of IHD by 1.5 times (OR 1.476; 95% CI 1.298-1.679). The detection rate of senile cataract is highest at the ages of 70-79 years, amounting to 18.1% of cases with hypertension, 24.0% of cases with CVD, 29.2% of cases with varicose veins, and 33.7% of cases with ischemic heart disease.
Conclusion:
Target population groups have been identified for more effective screening studies in order to detect senile cataracts among them.
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