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Masticatory function of stroke patients: A systematic review with meta-analysis
Xin Shu1, Yanpin Fan1, Katherine Chiu Man Leung1
1Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong. Prince Philip Dental Hospital, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong, China.
Gerodontology
|August 25, 2022
Summary
Stroke patients exhibit significantly reduced maximum bite force and masticatory performance compared to healthy individuals. Masticatory performance is notably more impaired following a stroke.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Oral Health
- Biomedical Engineering
Background:
- Stroke survivors often experience impaired motor function, impacting various physiological processes.
- Masticatory function, crucial for nutrition and quality of life, may be compromised post-stroke.
Approach:
- A systematic review and meta-analysis synthesized data from nine studies involving 302 participants.
- Searched four databases (Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science) for observational studies and clinical trials up to June 2021.
- Compared bite force and masticatory performance between stroke patients and healthy individuals using standardized mean difference (SMD).
Key Points:
- Stroke patients demonstrated significantly lower maximum bite force (SMD -0.52, P=.02) and masticatory performance (SMD -0.97, P<.00001) than healthy controls.
- No significant difference in bite force was found between ipsilesional and contralesional sides within stroke patients.
- Electromyographic analysis revealed poorer muscle activation and motor unit recruitment in stroke patients, indicating neuromuscular dysfunction.
Conclusions:
- Stroke significantly impairs masticatory function, characterized by reduced bite force and performance.
- Masticatory performance is more severely affected than bite force in stroke patients.
- Findings highlight the need for interventions addressing oral motor deficits in stroke rehabilitation.
