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Related Concept Videos

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

1.8K
Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
1.8K
Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

31
Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
31
Heart Failure V: Medical Management01:30

Heart Failure V: Medical Management

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Medical Management of Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF)The primary goals of therapy for patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) include:Relieving symptomsOptimizing volume statusSupporting oxygenation and ventilationMaintaining cardiac output (CO) and end-organ perfusionIdentifying and addressing the cause of ADHFPreventing complicationsProviding patient education on factors precipitating HF exacerbationPlanning for dischargeOngoing monitoring and assessment...
21
Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System01:26

Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System

491
The activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) contributes to cardiac remodeling, and inhibiting the RAAS is a pharmacological target in heart failure management. As a result, neurohumoral modulation is a crucial treatment principle for managing heart failure. This approach involves using medications like ACE inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), β-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), and neutral...
491
Heart Failure VI: Adjunct Therapies01:22

Heart Failure VI: Adjunct Therapies

25
Additional therapies for treating patients with heart failure (HF) may include procedural interventions, supplemental oxygen, the management of sleep disorders, and nutritional therapy.Procedural InterventionsImplantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator: For patients at risk of life-threatening arrhythmias due to severe left ventricular dysfunction, an Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator (ICD) can detect and terminate these arrhythmias, preventing sudden cardiac death and improving survival rates.
25
Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation01:30

Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation

27
Heart failure can be classified in various ways, with the most common classifications based on physical activity limitations, disease progression, severity, and treatment strategies.The Functional Classification of Heart Failure divides patients into four categories based on physical activity limitation due to symptom burden.Class I: Patients in this class have cardiac disease but no physical activity limitations. Ordinary activities like walking, climbing stairs, or routine tasks do not cause...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 31, 2025

A Surgical Model of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction in Tibetan Minipigs
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A Surgical Model of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction in Tibetan Minipigs

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Inflammatory pathways in heart failure with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction: implications for future

Nicola Riccardo Pugliese1, Pierpaolo Pellicori2, Francesco Filidei1

  • 1Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa 56126, Italy.

Cardiovascular Research
|August 25, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) affects many older adults with multiple conditions. Inflammation may drive HFpEF, suggesting anti-inflammatory treatments could be beneficial.

Keywords:
CardiovascularEpidemiologyGlobalHypertensionInternational

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Post-Myocardial Infarction Heart Failure in Closed-chest Coronary Occlusion/Reperfusion Model in Göttingen Minipigs and Landrace Pigs
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Last Updated: Aug 31, 2025

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Post-Myocardial Infarction Heart Failure in Closed-chest Coronary Occlusion/Reperfusion Model in Göttingen Minipigs and Landrace Pigs
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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) presents diagnostic challenges due to heterogeneous symptoms and comorbidities in older patients.
  • Current HFpEF management focuses on symptom control and treating co-existing conditions like hypertension and atrial fibrillation.

Approach:

  • This review examines the significant role of inflammation in the pathophysiology of HFpEF.
  • It explores how persistent increases in inflammatory biomarkers characterize HFpEF.
  • The manuscript discusses the potential of targeting inflammatory pathways for novel therapeutic strategies.

Key Points:

  • Inflammation is implicated as a key factor in the development and progression of HFpEF.
  • Understanding specific inflammatory pathways offers insights into HFpEF pathophysiology.
  • Novel anti-inflammatory therapies are emerging but require large-scale clinical trials in HFpEF.

Conclusions:

  • Inflammation is a critical component of HFpEF, influencing its development and associated comorbidities.
  • Targeting inflammation presents a promising avenue for future HFpEF management.
  • Further clinical trials are needed to validate anti-inflammatory treatments for HFpEF.