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Updated: Aug 31, 2025

Apical Resection Mouse Model to Study Early Mammalian Heart Regeneration
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Investigating the Transient Regenerative Potential of Cardiac Muscle Using a Neonatal Pig Partial Apical Resection

Katherine M Copeland1, Bryn L Brazile2, J Ryan Butler2

  • 1Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76010, USA.

Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 25, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neonatal piglets can regenerate heart apex injuries within 1 day of birth, showing full or partial recovery. By 7 days, however, regeneration is replaced by scar tissue formation, indicating a loss of cardiac regenerative potential.

Keywords:
cardiac fibrosiscardiomyocytesneonatal pig heartpartial apex resectionproliferative mesenchymal cellstransient cardiac regeneration

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Research
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Mammalian Heart Development

Background:

  • Zebrafish and neonatal mice exhibit cardiac regeneration after injury.
  • The capacity for myocardial regeneration in large mammals remains largely unexplored.
  • Understanding regenerative potential is crucial for developing cardiac repair therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the regenerative capability of the neonatal porcine heart following left ventricular apex resection.
  • To determine the age threshold for significant myocardial regeneration in piglets.
  • To compare the healing outcomes between early (0-day) and later (7-day) neonatal surgical interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Surgical resection of approximately 30% of the left ventricular apex in 0-day and 7-day old piglets.
  • Assessment of cardiac function using transthoracic echocardiography.
  • Histological and gross necropsy analysis of heart tissue at various time points post-surgery (up to 4 weeks).

Main Results:

  • Piglets operated on within 1 day of birth showed no scarring and evidence of full or partial myocardial regeneration.
  • The 7-day old surgical group exhibited significant fibrosis and scar formation at the resection site.
  • Cardiac function (ejection fraction, fractional shortening) decreased in the 7-day surgery group but not the 0-day group.
  • Early post-operative analysis revealed proliferating mesenchymal cells and differentiating cardiomyocytes in the 0-day group, indicative of regeneration.

Conclusions:

  • The porcine heart retains significant myocardial regenerative potential within the first day of life.
  • This regenerative capacity is largely lost by 7 days after birth, with scar formation predominating.
  • The findings suggest a critical window for cardiac regeneration in neonatal large mammals, offering insights for therapeutic strategies.