Sex Differences in Acute Coronary Syndromes: A Global Perspective
F Aaysha Cader1, Shrilla Banerjee2, Martha Gulati3
1Department of Cardiology, Ibrahim Cardiac Hospital & Research Institute, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.
Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease
|August 25, 2022
Summary
Sex disparities persist in acute coronary syndromes (ACS) care globally. This review examines these differences across WHO regions, highlighting data gaps and solutions for equitable treatment in cardiovascular disease.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Global Health
- Health Equity
Background:
- Sex disparities in acute coronary syndromes (ACS) presentation, comorbidities, and treatment persist despite advancements in care.
- Existing data predominantly originates from developed regions, with limited information from resource-constrained settings.
- Understanding these disparities is crucial for improving cardiovascular disease outcomes worldwide.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review and synthesize global evidence on sex differences in ACS.
- To identify regional variations and contributing factors (cultural, socioeconomic, educational, psychosocial) to these disparities.
- To highlight evidence gaps and propose strategies for mitigating sex disparities in ACS care.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of existing literature on sex differences in ACS.
- Analysis of data stratified by the six World Health Organization (WHO) regions.
- Focus on risk factors, pathophysiology, and biases in care.
Main Results:
- Significant sex disparities in ACS are evident globally, varying by WHO region.
- Limited data exists for resource-constrained regions, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa and parts of Asia.
- Cultural, socioeconomic, educational, and psychosocial factors likely contribute to observed disparities.
Conclusions:
- Addressing sex disparities in ACS requires a global perspective, acknowledging regional differences.
- More research is needed, especially in underrepresented regions, to understand and combat these inequities.
- Implementing targeted strategies is essential to achieve equitable care for acute coronary syndromes in all populations.
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